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<\/a>\u4e94\u65ec\u7bc0\u7684\u79a7\u5e74\u610f\u7fa9<\/h2>\n

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\u9019\u7a2e\u8ca1\u7269\u516c\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u793e\u7fa4\u4e0d\u8a72\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u578b\u793e\u7fa4\u8a66\u9a57\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u6240\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u8ca1\u7522\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u5145\u516c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7d93\u770b\u5230\u820a\u7d04\u4e2d\u7684\u79a7\u5e74\u5c31\u662f\u4f9d\u64da\u8ca1\u7522\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u5236\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4fe1\u5f92\u5011\u4ecd\u820a\u4f4f\u5728\u5404\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u65b9\u5730\u6b3e\u5f85\u773e\u4eba\u300c\u5403\u559d\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u5ffd\u7565\u90a3\u4e9b\u7aae\u4eba\u3002\u64c1\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\u4e0d\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5f37\u8feb\u4ed6\u4eba\u8b8a\u8ce3\u5bb6\u696d\u3002\u5bcc\u8db3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u524d\u66f86\uff1a17-19\uff09\u3002\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u8aaa\u4ed6\u7684\u6771\u897f\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300d\uff08\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u50b34\uff1a32\uff09\u3002\u7269\u54c1\u4e0d\u55ae\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7d66\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f86\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u53ef\u4f9b\u4eba\u7528\u3002\u9580\u5f92\u5011\u5c0d\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u8077\u5206\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u50b34\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u300c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u5c07\u300d\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u50b34\uff1a34\uff09\u548c\u300c\u6309\u7167\u5404\u4eba\u6240\u9700\u7684\u300d\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u50b34\uff1a35\uff09\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u820a\u7d04\u88e1\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u548c\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u5ba3\u544a\u4e00\u6b21\u79a7\u5e74\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u88dc\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e94\u65ec\u7bc0\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u52d5\u529b\u88ab\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u80fd\u300c\u96a8\u6642\u5730\u300d\u8655\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\u5011\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5f37\u8feb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6bcf\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u9075\u5b88\u5f8b\u6cd5\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e94\u65ec\u7bc0\u90a3\u5929\u7684\u79a7\u5e74\u8868\u73fe\u662f\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u3001\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u548c\u5fd7\u9858\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u6709\u9700\u8981\u6642\u4e5f\u53ef\u96a8\u6642\u5be6\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u5169\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u6700\u597d\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u7d93\u6fdf\u5171\u4eab\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5df4\u62ff\u5df4\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4f86\u81ea\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u7684\u525b\u4fe1\u4e3b\u7684\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u300c\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u300d\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u611f\u52d5\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u584a\u7530\u5730\u8ce3\u4e86\uff0c\u5c07\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5206\u7d66\u773e\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5728\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u8a18\u8f09\u7684\u4e9e\u62ff\u5c3c\u4e9e\u548c\u6492\u975e\u5587\u7684\u60b2\u5287\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u592b\u59bb\u8ce3\u4e86\u7530\u7522\uff0c\u53ea\u5e36\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u50f9\u9280\u5230\u4f7f\u5f92\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u6240\u5f97\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u5404\u81ea\u8a62\u554f\u4e8c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u8cac\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5728\u6b3a\u54c4\u8056\u9748\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5f37\u8feb\u4ed6\u5011\u51fa\u8ce3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7530\u7522\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u8457\u4e0d\u8ce3\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u5728\u65bc\u6492\u8b0a\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u795e\u5c0d\u7f6a\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u9072\u5ef6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5be9\u5224\u7acb\u523b\u81e8\u5230\uff0c\u300c\u4e8c\u4eba\u90fd\u4ec6\u5012\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\u300d\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7d66\u521d\u671f\u6559\u6703\u4e0a\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u8ab2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5373\u5c07\u628a\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\u5e36\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u5f81\u670d\u61c9\u8a31\u4e4b\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u4e9e\u5e72\u4e5f\u843d\u5165\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u5c40\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u7d04\u66f8\u4e9e\u8a187\u7ae0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u611f\u6069\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e9e\u62ff\u5c3c\u4e9e\u548c\u6492\u975e\u5587\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u53ea\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u7d93\u6b77\u5949\u737b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u559c\u6a02\uff0c\u986f\u660e\u8056\u9748\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002\u5df4\u514b\u840a\uff08William Barclay\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u300a\u795e\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u6559\u6703\u300b\uff08God’s Young Church\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u521d\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u5716\u756b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6a02\u65bc\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u6559\u6703\uff01\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bcc\u4eba\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8207\u7aae\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u64c1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u800c\u5225\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u592a\u5c11\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u3002\u521d\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u6709\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u300c\u611b\u7b75\u300d\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5e36\u4e00\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u4f86\uff0c\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6771\u897f\u805a\u96c6\u4e00\u8655\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5750\u4e0b\u4f86\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u521d\u4ee3\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5f88\u7aae\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u9084\u662f\u5974\u96b8\u3002\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u4e00\u500b\u5974\u96b8\u7684\u53e3\u7ce7\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0d\u5230\u4e8c\u65a4\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u5e7e\u500b\u7121\u82b1\u679c\u548c\u6a44\u6b16\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u8461\u8404\u918b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e3b\u65e5\u5403\u5230\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u4f86\u6700\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u521d\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u5f7c\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u624d\u6703\u5403\u5230\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u88e1\u9762\u771f\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u9748\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5225\u4eba\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u4e0d\u53bb\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u8208\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/a>\u4f9b\u7d66\u5be1\u5a66\u8207\u53db\u6559\u8005\u5c24\u91cc\u5b89<\/h2>\n

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\u53db\u6559\u8005\u5c24\u91cc\u5b89\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u72e1\u733e\u53c8\u4ee4\u4eba\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u5831\u544a\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c31\u6703\u6ec5\u4ea1\u3002\u4ed6\u5c07\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u5167\u6559\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u591a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6b78\u65bc\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u6177\u6168\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c24\u91cc\u5b89\u5206\u6790\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u64c1\u6709\u6700\u5168\u9762\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5c31\u6703\u770b\u5230\u76f8\u5c0d\u8edf\u5f31\u7684\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6148\u5584\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5409\u723e\uff08Anthony Gil\uff09\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u300b\uff082004\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u798f\u5229\u6c34\u6e96\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6d88\u6975\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

1889\u5e74\uff0c\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea5\uff08Otto Von Bismarck\uff09\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u63a8\u884c\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u9000\u4f11\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u7dca\u63a5\u8457\u662f1931\u5e74\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u653f\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u856d\u689d\u6642\u5236\u5b9a\u3002\u8c9d\u5f17\u91cc\u5947\uff08William Beveridge\uff09\u548c\u8c9d\u6587\uff08Ernest Bevin\uff09\u65bc1941\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u5275\u7acb\u7684\u798f\u5229\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4fdd\u969c\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u7576\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f15\u9032\u65b0\u653f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u65b0\u653f\u6703\u6253\u6d88\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7167\u9867\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u6148\u5584\u548c\u4e92\u52a9\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5c24\u91cc\u5b89\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u4ed6\u671f\u5f85\u8457\u90a3\u6a23\u6ec5\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u696d\u537b\u505c\u6eef\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u65b0\u653f\u63a8\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u798f\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5718\u9ad4\u53c8\u7e2e\u5c0f\u5230\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

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