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name=\"_Toc35354398\"><\/a>\u4fee\u9053\u904b\u52d5<\/h2>\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5927\u5e1d\u6539\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u524d\u7981\u6b32\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u8056\u5b89\u6771\u5c3c\uff0c\u7d04\u897f\u5143251-356\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6b64\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5148\u7956\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5718\u9ad4\u96b1\u4fee\u662f\u7531\u5e15\u79d1\u7e46\uff08Pachomius\uff09\u65bc\u897f\u5143320\u5e74\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u767c\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u5e15\u79d1\u7e46\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u50cf\u540c\u6642\u671f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8207\u4e16\u9694\u7d55\u7684\u4eba\u90a3\u6a23\u6975\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u9075\u5b88\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7981\u617e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u9032\u5165\u5e15\u79d1\u7e46\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6295\u5165\u5230\u516c\u7528\u57fa\u91d1\u88e1\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u50e7\u4fb6\u5011\u904e\u8457\u65e2\u7c21\u55ae\u53c8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5962\u4f88\u7684\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u6975\u5ea6\u7684\u56f0\u7a98\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u6309\u6642\u7528\u9910\u3001\u9748\u4fee\u548c\u505a\u5de5\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u900f\u904e\u7de8\u7e54\u7c43\u7b50\uff0c\u7a2e\u690d\u5546\u54c1\u852c\u83dc\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5718\u9ad4\u80fd\u81ea\u7d66\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u990a\u6d3b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8cfa\u4f86\u7684\u9322\u9084\u7528\u4f86\u4f9b\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u7aae\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e15\u79d1\u7e46\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u96c6\u9ad4\u96b1\u9000\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u88ab\u5f8c\u4f86\u8a31\u591a\u6559\u6703\u7528\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6559\u6703\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5728\u5f80\u5f8c\u6559\u6703\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u5728\u5f37\u8abf\u73fe\u6709\u6559\u6703\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u4e0a\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5148\u77e5\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u6d88\u9000\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5e74\u65e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u5df2\u7d93\u7a4d\u7d2f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u8ca1\u7522\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u50e7\u4fb6\u5011\u4e5f\u82b1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7167\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5730\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><a name=\"_Toc35354399\"><\/a>\u65b9\u6fdf\u6703<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u53eb\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\uff08Francesco di Pietro\uff09\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u821e\u81fa\u3002\u6b63\u7576\u50e7\u4fb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9010\u6f38\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4e4b\u969b\uff1b\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u65b9\u6fdf\u6703\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u662f\u50e7\u4fb6\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u80fd\u529b\u6311\u6230\u6559\u6703\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u75c5\u75c7\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002\u4f46\u5f88\u6709\u8af7\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6839\u672c\u662f\u5275\u7acb\u5b97\u6559\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u9858\u53ea\u662f\u6fc0\u9032\u5730\u6d3b\u51fa\u4ed6\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5144\u5f1f\u60c5\u8abc\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6311\u6230\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u505a\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5982\u6b64\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u58ef\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u548c\u7d14\u6f54\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u8655\u7406\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u59a5\u5354\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5805\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u6703\u8981\u8d70\u4e00\u689d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u88ab\u7269\u8cea\u9700\u6c42\u56f0\u64fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5f1f\u5144\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u5c07\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u6b78\u70ba\u5df1\u6709\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u623f\u5b50\u3001\u571f\u5730\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5728\u9019\u4e16\u4e0a\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u671d\u8056\u8005\uff0c\u8b19\u5351\u5730\u3001\u8ca7\u7aae\u5730\u670d\u4e8b\u4e3b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u6191\u8457\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u53bb\u4e5e\u8a0e\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u6127\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u8036\u7a4c\u5728\u4e16\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7d1a\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u9802\u5cf0\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5805\u56fa\u4e86\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u89aa\u611b\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u5011\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5929\u570b\u7684\u5f8c\u55e3\u3001\u541b\u738b\uff1b\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9019\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5728\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0a\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4f60\u3002\u9858\u9019\u6210\u70ba\u4f60\u7684\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u5e36\u4f60\u5230\u6c38\u751f\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u6211\u89aa\u611b\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u5011\uff0c\u9858\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u59d4\u8eab\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4e3b\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u5e0c\u671b\u64c1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5929\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5f1f\u5144\u5011\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u6216\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5f1f\u5144\u76f8\u805a\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u898b\u8b49\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u3002\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u4fe1\u5730\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u751f\u990a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u6703\u95dc\u5fc3\u7167\u9867\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u88ab\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8056\u9748\u6240\u751f\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u8c48\u4e0d\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u771f\u7684\u7167\u9867\u4ed6\u4eba\u55ce\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u5f1f\u5144\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u61c9\u6089\u5fc3\u7167\u9867\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u8981\u600e\u6a23\u88ab\u4eba\u7167\u9867\u4e00\u6a23\uff08Rule 6, from The Rule of the Friars Minor,1223\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u660e\u767d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u8150\u8755\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u5011\u812b\u96e2\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u52e2\u529b\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u76841210-1221\u898f\u5247\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u8b66\u544a\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4ec7\u6575\u60f3\u8981\u8499\u853d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6e34\u671b\u91d1\u9322\u52dd\u904e\u77f3\u982d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u62cb\u4e0b\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0f\u4e8b\u800c\u5931\u6389\u4e86\u5929\u570b\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> \u8ca1\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u58de\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u8981\u8b39\u9632\u7121\u610f\u4e2d\u4f9d\u6200\u8ca1\u7269\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8d77\u521d\u6642\u53ea\u6709\u6975\u5c11\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u8ca1\u7269\u7684\u4f9d\u6200\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u5225\u4eba\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u8981\u9858\u610f\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90a3\u9ede\u8ca1\u7269\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f1f\u5144\u4e0d\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8207\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5f9e\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u90a3\u88e1\u5077\u7aca\u2014\u9019\u5c0d\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u9053\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9577\u888d\u548c\u6240\u4e5e\u8a0e\u4f86\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5947\u805e\u7570\u4e8b\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u9577\u888d\u7684\u2014\u5f1f\u5144\u5011\u6cae\u55aa\u5730\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5929\u6c23\u51b7\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u6696\u548c\u8863\u7269\u7e3d\u662f\u7a7f\u4e0d\u4f4f\u3002\uff08Adrian House, Francis of Assisi\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u2014\u4eba\u8caa\u5a6a\u7684\u7f6a\u6027\uff0c\u55aa\u5931\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u6050\u61fc\uff1b\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u95dc\u6ce8\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u2014\u7c21\u6a38\u7684\u69ae\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u795e\u7684\u559c\u6a02\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\u610f\u5ff5\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u7269\u8cea\u6182\u616e\u7684\u7f88\u7d46\uff0c\u4ed6\u5168\u7136\u5730\u81ea\u7531\u4eab\u53d7\u795e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u5728\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u51f1\u723e\u7279\u8056\u5f92\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u8207\u795e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u7269\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u878d\u5408\u529b\u3002\u795e\u5275\u9020\u7684\u842c\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u59ca\u59b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u9019\u6a23\u7a31\u547c\u4ed6\u5011\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\uff0c\u7a31\u592a\u967d\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u592a\u967d\u5f1f\u5144\u300d\uff1b\u6c34\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u6c34\u59ca\u59b9\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u53e4\u602a\u53ef\u7b11\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u7cdf\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u6cdb\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6709\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u2014\u6211\u5011\u7ba1\u7406\u795e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5275\u9020\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u8207\u79a7\u5e74\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6709\u8457\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u611b\u597d\u8005\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u50b3\u8b1b\u7684\u9053\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u793e\u6703\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u6703\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u662f\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5229\u76ca\u9a45\u4f7f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u50b5\u52d9\u5974\u96b8\u3001\u5bc6\u96c6\u8fb2\u696d\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f46\u53c8\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u3002\u53cd\u7701\u8056\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6703\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u6240\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee4\u4eba\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65b9\u6fdf\u6703\u898f\u5247\u8207\u6b64\u524d\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u898f\u5247\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u53bb\u4e16\u5f8c\u7684\u6b72\u6708\u88e1\uff0c\u6f38\u6f38\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u5167\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u4f86\u81ea\u6559\u7687\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u65b9\u6fdf\u6703\u6700\u7d42\u6210\u70ba\u8ca1\u7522\u64c1\u6709\u8005\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u986f\u8457\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4ed6\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u6559\u7687\u8150\u6557\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u9a5a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4e0a\u65b9\u6fdf\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ca7\u7aae\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u662f\u4e3b\u8036\u7a4c\u548c\u9580\u5f92\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f9e\u6b64\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u6559\u6703\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u61c9\u8a72\u907f\u514d\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u4ea4\u7e8f\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u6559\u7687\u6b0a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u61f7\u7591\u6559\u7687\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u638c\u6b0a\u8005\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5168\u90e8\u8981\u653e\u5728\u76e3\u5be9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\uff08Jonathan Hill, The History of Christianity\uff09<\/p>\n<h2><a name=\"_Toc35354400\"><\/a>\u74e6\u52d2\u5ea6\u6d3e\uff08The Waldensians\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u540d\u53eb\u5f7c\u5f97\uff0e\u74e6\u723e\u591a\uff08Peter Waldo\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u91cc\u6602\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5546\u4eba\uff08\u7d041140-1218\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u8207\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u65b9\u6fdf\u6703\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u74e6\u723e\u591a\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u74e6\u52d2\u5ea6\u6d3e\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u5011\u4e8c\u8005\u6709\u8457\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50cf\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e3b\u5f8c\uff0c\u74e6\u723e\u591a\u7531\u5bcc\u8cb4\u7279\u6b0a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8b8a\u6210\u904e\u8457\u8ca7\u7aae\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u50cf\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u6559\u7687\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u9ad8\u7d1a\u8077\u54e1\u7684\u6050\u5687\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u8036\u7a4c\u70ba\u699c\u6a23\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u50cf\u65b9\u6fdf\u6703\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u74e6\u52d2\u5ea6\u6d3e\u4e5f\u662f\u5c45\u7121\u5b9a\u6240\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4f\u8655\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u500b\u5169\u500b\u5730\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5149\u8457\u8173\uff0c\u7a7f\u8457\u7f8a\u6bdb\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u6709\u3002\u51e1\u7269\u516c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8d64\u8457\u8eab\u8ec0\uff0c\u8ddf\u96a8\u4e00\u500b\u8d64\u8eab\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u3002\uff08Walter Map, De Nugis Curialium\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee4\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u5ef7\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u548c\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u63ee\u970d\u6d6a\u8cbb\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u66b4\u9732\u7121\u907a\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u74e6\u723e\u591a\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8981\u5c07\u798f\u97f3\u66f8\u7531\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u6cd5\u8a9e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6c11\u773e\u90fd\u5f97\u4eab\u795e\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\uff0c\u74e6\u723e\u591a\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ddf\u96a8\u8005\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u6c11\u773e\u81ea\u5df1\u660e\u767d\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u6559\u7687\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u50da\u5011\u66f4\u50cf\u4f7f\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cc\u6602\u7684\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0b\u4ee4\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u8a31\u8b1b\u9053\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u9867\u53cd\u5c0d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8b1b\u9053\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u56e0\u8457\u4e0d\u627f\u8a8d\u6559\u6703\u7684\u6b0a\u67c4\u800c\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u6703\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u903c\u8feb\u2014\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u7684\u53d7\u5be9\u671f\u9593\u88ab\u6346\u7d81\u5728\u6728\u982d\u4e0a\u71d2\u6b7b\u2014\u4f46\u6559\u5ef7\u9019\u4e00\u8209\u52d5\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u9054\u5230\u6d88\u6ec5\u548c\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u5011\u4eba\u6578\u589e\u9577\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u9019\u9805\u904b\u52d5\u50b3\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6b50\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0e\u81f4\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u6bba\u6216\u5165\u7344\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u74e6\u52d2\u5ea6\u6d3e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6b63\u7d71\u6027\u6709\u6240\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u771f\u7406\u548c\u7c21\u6a38\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u662f\u6709\u5148\u77e5\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6eff\u548c\u5047\u5192\u70ba\u5584\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u6e34\u671b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u5c65\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5100\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><a name=\"_Toc35354401\"><\/a>\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\uff08Anabaptists\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5c6c\u8a5e\u8a9e\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5718\u9ad4\uff08\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5728\u745e\u58eb\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7570\u8c61\u662f\u66f4\u65b0\u6559\u6703\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u53cd\u5c0d\u5b30\u5152\u53d7\u6d17\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u9577\u5927\u627f\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f8c\u624d\u53ef\u53d7\u6d17\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f7f\u5f97\u5225\u4eba\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u2014\u5373\u300c\u518d\u6d17\u8005\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u2014\u6b64\u70ba\u8aa4\u7528\u7684\u8a5e\u8a9e\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d17\u79ae\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u6700\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u5df2\u7d93\u9060\u9060\u5730\u504f\u96e2\u5979\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e86\u3002\u6559\u6703\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u80a2\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u7d1a\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u7d44\u7e54\u3002\u9084\u6709\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u59a5\u5354\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b63\u76f4\uff0c\u7a4d\u805a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f9d\u8cf4\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u6e34\u671b\u6062\u5fa9\u6559\u6703\u56de\u5230\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u8056\u6f54\u3001\u7c21\u6a38\u548c\u71b1\u8aa0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u903c\u8feb\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u9818\u8896\u5011\uff0c\u5982\u8def\u5fb7\uff08Luther\uff09\u548c\u6148\u904b\u7406\uff08Zwingli\uff09\u7684\u8b74\u8cac\u3002\u6539\u9769\u8005\u5011\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u540c\u56e0\u4fe1\u7a31\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u5f37\u8abf\u7fa9\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u5805\u6301\u53cb\u611b\u548c\u4e92\u52a9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u59d4\u8eab\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u6190\u7684\u4eba\u5011\uff08\u6307\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u8a87\u6709\u4e86\u795e\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u537b\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u5168\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8a18\u865f\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u904e\u548c\u7121\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u5047\u5192\u70ba\u5584\u55ce\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u7576\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u61c9\u6709\u76e1\u6709\uff0c\u7a7f\u8457\u7d72\u7da2\u548c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u6234\u8457\u91d1\u9280\u9996\u98fe\uff0c\u76e1\u986f\u69ae\u83ef\u5bcc\u8cb4\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u6602\u8cb4\u7684\u50a2\u4ff1\u4f86\u88dd\u98fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u91d1\u5eab\u5b58\u6eff\u4e86\u9322\uff0c\u4f4f\u5f97\u5962\u4f88\u8c6a\u83ef\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u6703\u773e\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u662f\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u9818\u53d7\u540c\u4e00\u6d17\u79ae\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u9905\u548c\u676f\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u4fe1\u5f92\uff09\u537b\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9580\u53e3\u5c0b\u6c42\u6551\u6fdf\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u3001\u98e2\u9913\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u82e6\u7684\u3001\u5e74\u8001\u7684\u3001\u778e\u773c\u7684\u3001\u7638\u817f\u7684\u548c\u6709\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u9580\u53e3\u4e5e\u8a0e\u98df\u7269\u300d\uff08Reply to False Accusations, Menno Simos, 1552\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5177\u6709\u985b\u8986\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u53db\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6559\u6703\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u52d5\u6416\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u9808\u93ae\u58d3\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u5927\u7d04\u67092500\u4eba\u88ab\u8655\u6b7b\u2014\u9019\u662f\u6539\u6559\u6642\u671f\u7576\u6642\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u5404\u7a2e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7de3\u6545\u800c\u88ab\u8655\u6b7b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u534a\u6578\u2014\u800c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d3b\u8457\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c45\u7121\u5b9a\u6240\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5230\u8655\u6d3b\u52d5\u4f86\u9003\u907f\u6709\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><a name=\"_Toc35354402\"><\/a>\u80e1\u7279\u6d3e\uff08The Hutterites\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u6469\u62c9\u7dad\u4e9e\uff08Moravia\uff09\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u907f\u96e3\u6240\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5b89\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u64d4\u5fc3\u903c\u8feb\u3002\u5f9e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u9748\u611f\uff0c\u57281529\u5e74\u4f9d\u64da\u7d93\u6fdf\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u53eb\u5144\u5f1f\u6703\uff08Bruderhof\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\uff0e\u9b4f\u5fb7\u66fc\uff08Jacob Wiedemann\uff09\u662fBruderhof\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5c08\u5236\u7368\u88c1\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\uff0e\u80e1\u7279\u723e\uff08Jacob Hutter 1500-1536\uff09\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6b64\u904b\u52d5\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u80af\u5b9a\u4ed6\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\uff0c\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4f86\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8af8\u5982Peter Walpot\uff081518-1578\uff09\u548cPeter Riedemann\uff081506-1566\uff09\u7684\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u80e1\u7279\u6d3e\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7d04\u4e00\u767e\u500b\u5144\u5f1f\u6703Bruderhof\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u842c\u81f3\u4e03\u842c\u540d\u6210\u54e1\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u793e\u7fa4\u90fd\u81ea\u7d66\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u5be6\u884c\u51e1\u7269\u516c\u7528\u3002\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u88ab\u5206\u6d3e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5144\u5f1f\u6703Bruderhof\u8a2d\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e7c\u5152\u5712\u548c\u5b78\u6821\u4f86\u7167\u9867\u5b69\u7ae5\u3002\u64da\u8aaa\u80e1\u7279\u6d3e\u4eba\u767e\u5206\u767e\u90fd\u6709\u8b80\u5beb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7576\u5730\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u80e1\u7279\u6d3e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u5730\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u8056\u7d93\u539f\u5247\uff1a\u5927\u5bb6\u628a\u8cc7\u6e90\u805a\u5230\u4e00\u8655\uff0c\u6309\u9700\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4ee4\u5bcc\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u53ea\u6709\u7aae\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u4e86\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> 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Kozeny Intentional Communities: Lifestyles Based on Ideals, 1999 Communities Directory, Fellowship forInternational Community\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u6fc0\u9032\u5718\u9ad4\u53d7\u5230\u903c\u8feb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6559\u6703\u662f\u500b\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6230\u3002\u7e3d\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a66\u5716\u904e\u79a7\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7279\u7570\u3002\u9577\u4e45\u7684\u903c\u8feb\u548c\u9694\u7d55\u5c31\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u986f\u5f97\u96e2\u7fa4\u7d22\u5c45\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u602a\u7570\u8209\u6b62\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u80e1\u7279\u6d3e\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u6703\u8056\u6f54\u3001\u5f1f\u5144\u548c\u7766\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u80e1\u7279\u6d3e\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u79a7\u5e74\u5e73\u5b89\uff08Shalom\uff09\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5305\u62ec\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u7576\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u670d\u5f9e\u8036\u7a4c\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u611b\u4f60\u7684\u4ec7\u6575\u300d\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u898f\u689d8\uff0c\u51fa\u81eaThe Rule of the Friars Minor, 1210-1221\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u300c\u592a\u967d\u7684\u980c\u6b4c\u300d\u662f\u8056\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5275\u9020\u980c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u662f\u7576\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5bcc\u8db3\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6050\u61fc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u8c41\u514d\u4e86\u8f03\u7aae\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u672c\u570b\u4e0d\u5c31\u6703\u6bcf\u6cc1\u6108\u4e0b\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8aaa\u4e8b\u5be6\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u4fc3\u9032\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\uff08\u60f3\u77ad\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u53c3\u8003The End of poverty: How We Can Make It Happen In Our Life Time by Jeffrey Sachs\uff09\u3002\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\uff0c\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u56e4\u7a4d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u4f7f\u4eba\u56e4\u7a4d\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u50b5\u52d9\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8a1816\uff1a20\uff1b\u96c5\u5404\u66f85\uff1a2-3\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u800c\u55aa\u5931\u6b86\u76e1\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u746a\u62c9\u57fa\u66f83\uff1a10-12\uff1b\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f36\uff1a38\uff09\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u90a3\u500b\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u4e94\u9905\u4e8c\u9b5a\u8207\u4e94\u5343\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u9084\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u7d04\u7ff0\u798f\u97f36\uff1a12-13\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u8f49\u8f09\u8acb\u8a3b\u660e\u51fa\u8655\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u79a7\u5e74\u9ad4\u73fe \u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5927\u5e1d\u6539\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u6559\u6703\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u79a7\u5e74\u6709\u4e86\u5287\u70c8\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4fe1\u5f92\u906d\u53d7\u903c\u8feb\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u662f\u5331\u4e4f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u570b\u6559\u5f8c\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u58ef\u5927\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u770b\u898b\u7576\u6642\u4e16\u4e0a\u6700\u5f37\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u638c\u6b0a\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u8ca7\u6c11\u5340\u79df\u501f\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u623f\u88e1\u656c\u62dc\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u570b\u738b\u7684\u8d0a\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u5f97 [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-53","category-6"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2790"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2824,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2790\/revisions\/2824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}