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\u70ba\u4e86\u4e0d\u4f7f\u9019\u554f\u984c\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u89e3\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u6709\u500b\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7576\u5c40\uff0c\u8070\u660e\u800c\u8aa0\u5be6\u5730\u8a55\u4f30\u5404\u500b\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9152\u3001\u9b5a\u3001\u9eb5\u5305\u7b49\uff0c15<\/sup> \u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8db3\u5920\u652f\u6301\u5546\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u5fd9\u8457\u5403\u559d\u8df3\u821e\uff0c16<\/sup> \u6c92\u6642\u9593\u641e\u9019\u5957\u6cd5\u898f\u898f\u77e9\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4f8b\u4e0d\u5c6c\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u8b93\u5546\u54c1\u5728\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5e02\u5834\u6216\u8005\u5c31\u5730\u92b7\u552e\u4e0a\u8a02\u51fa\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u6211\u5011\u9075\u5b88\u4e00\u53e5\u7bb4\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u8ddf\u8457\u7fa4\u773e\u8d70\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f4\u8ff7\u5931\u3002\u300d17<\/sup> \u4efb\u4f55\u6b64\u7a2e\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u8aa0\u5be6\u4e14\u5408\u5b9c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u88e1\u7e3d\u662f\u6709\u906d\u53d7\u5546\u54c1\u640d\u58de\uff0c\u6216\u8cbb\u7528\u652f\u51fa\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u8d85\u984d\u5229\u6f64\u8ac7\u4f55\u5bb9\u6613\uff1f<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u8070\u660e\u7684\u541b\u738b\u4f55\u7b49\u5f37\u70c8\u5730\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f5c\u4fdd\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u300223<\/sup> \u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u8afa\u8a9e\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f5c\u4fdd\u4eba\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u7d5e\u5211\u3002\u300d24<\/sup> \u88ab\u902e\u8457\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u8981\u70ba\u66ff\u4eba\u4f5c\u4fdd\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5306\u5fd9\u4e4b\u9593\u611a\u6627\u5730\u70ba\u4eba\u4f5c\u4fdd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f9d\u64da\u8056\u7d93\u9812\u5e03\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f5c\u4fdd\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e26\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u5168\u76e4\u652f\u4ed8\u50b5\u52d9\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u4f86\u5341\u5206\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f5c\u4fdd\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u800c\u88ab\u8b74\u8cac\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u5b78\u6703\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u611a\u6627\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e26\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u4ee4\u4eba\u6182\u5fc3\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u88ab\u65a5\u8cac\uff0c\u4e14\u807d\u8a73\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u8ce3\u65b9\u7528\u9ad8\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u5e02\u50f9\u6216\u5c0b\u5e38\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u8ce3\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u9ad8\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u4e43\u56e0\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5730\u5340\u7f3a\u8ca8\uff0c\u6216\u5feb\u8981\u4f9b\u61c9\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u78ba\u6709\u5fc5\u9808\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u662f\u8caa\u5a6a\u6b3a\u8a50\u7684\u96d9\u773c\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u9130\u820d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u537b\u7121\u6eff\u8db3\u9130\u820d\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ea\u4ee5\u9130\u820d\u70ba\u72a7\u7272\uff0c\u7372\u53d6\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u986f\u793a\u5176\u5077\u7aca\u3001\u6436\u596a\u548c\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u73fe\u5728\u5546\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u5176\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u884c\u6b62\u6216\u8005\u76dc\u8cca\u4f5c\u70ba\u5927\u8072\u56b7\u56b7\uff0c\u62b1\u6028\u6240\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u662f\u627f\u64d4\u8457\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u906d\u9047\u7684\u56f0\u82e6\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u76e3\u7262\u3001\u88ab\u97ad\u6253\u3001\u5f37\u906d\u5fb5\u7a05\u3001\u88ab\u6436\u596a\u7b4955<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u70ba\u6b63\u7fa9\u800c\u5fcd\u53d7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e00\u5207\u82e6\u96e3\uff0c\u5247\u5546\u4eba\u5fc5\u90fd\u8981\u56e0\u6b64\u7576\u8056\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u56e0\u884c\u795e\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u7fa9\u800c\u53d7\u82e6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u70ba\u5225\u4eba\u53d7\u82e6\uff0c\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u8207\u8a72\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u5408\u5925\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u904e\u4ed8\u4e0a\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5546\u4eba\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u6240\u884c\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c6c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u4e0d\u7fa9\u7684\u76dc\u7aca\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f7c\u6b64\u4fb5\u8ecb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4e0d\u7981\u61f7\u7591\u662f\u795e\u8b93\u9019\u5de8\u5927\u548c\u4e0d\u7fa9\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u640d\u5931\u6216\u88ab\u4eba\u7aca\u76dc\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f7f\u5546\u4eba\u88ab\u6253\u50b7\uff0c\u4e0b\u5230\u76e3\u88e1\u3002\u795e\u662f\u57f7\u884c\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u8a69\u7bc7\u5341\u4e00\u7bc74 \u81f37 \u7bc0\u7942\u9084\u88ab\u7a31\u980c\u662f\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u5b98\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u9084\u8981\u70ba\u97ff\u99ac\u548c\u52ab\u532a\u7684\u7aca\u596a\u4e82\u8c61\u8aaa\u9805\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u738b\u516c\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u8981\u70ba\u597d\u4eba\u3001\u58de\u4eba\u90fd\u4eab\u53d7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9053\u8def\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u884c\u4f7f\u5b98\u5e9c\u7684\u8077\u8cac\uff0c\u8655\u7f70\u4e0d\u7fa9\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u6065\u7684\u525d\u76ae\u884c\u5f91\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u738b\u516c\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u795e\u4f7f\u7528\u9a0e\u58eb\u76dc\u532a\u4f86\u66ff\u5929\u884c\u9053\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed8\u70ba\u6575\u7684\u60e1\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u795e\u66fe\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u6240\u884c\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u61f2\u7f70\u4e00\u6a23\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8a18\u4e03\u81f3\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d88\u9664\u90aa\u60e1\u5145\u65a5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6216\u70ba\u6bc0\u58de\u4ec7\u6575\u3002\u5229\u7528\u60e1\u4eba\u64ca\u6253\u60e1\u4eba\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8b93\u4eba\u77e5\u66c9\u4f55\u4ee5\u9a0e\u58eb\u6bd4\u5546\u4eba56<\/sup> \u66f4\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u76dc\u532a\u6a21\u6a23\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5929\u5929\u6b3a\u76dc\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u9a0e\u58eb\u5247\u4e00\u5e74\u5077\u76dc\u4e00\u5169\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u8cbf\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u6211\u53ef\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u8a71\u8981\u8b1b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6574\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c31\u662f\u8caa\u5a6a\u7684\u7121\u5e95\u6d1e\u548c\u6557\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u826f\u5fc3\u5c0d\u5b83\u6709\u8b70\u8ad6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u8ab0\u6703\u611a\u7b28\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u7d14\u5c6c\u58df\u65b7\u52fe\u7576\uff1f\u751a\u81f3\u7570\u6559\u5f92\u653f\u6b0a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u501157<\/sup> \u516c\u7136\u7316\u72c2\u5730\u50b7\u5bb3\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u66f4\u6bcb\u5eb8\u8aaa\u4e0a\u5929\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u63a7\u5236\u6240\u6709\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u98fe\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8a6d\u8a50\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4efb\u610f\u8abf\u5347\u50f9\u683c\u6216\u964d\u50f9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u58d3\u8feb\u4e26\u6bc0\u58de\u5c0f\u672c\u751f\u610f\u4eba\uff0c\u50cf\u4f3c\u4ee5\u77db\u69cd\u523a\u6bba\u6c34\u4e2d\u9b5a\u5152\uff0c\u53c8\u50cf\u4f3c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u795e\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u516c\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3001\u4fe1\u5fb7\u3001\u53ca\u611b\u5fc3\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u985e\u5982\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u9999\u6599\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u5f7c\u7b49\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u5176\u6240\u8a02\u50f9\u683c\u8cb7\u8ce3\uff0c\u53c8\u96a8\u6642\u9818\u5c0e\u8b8a\u5316\u8abf\u6574\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u62ac\u9ad8\u751f\u8591\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u660e\u5e74\u62ac\u9ad8\u756a\u7d05\u82b1\u50f9\u683c\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u53cd\u70ba\u4e4b\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5168\u90fd\u4e00\u6a2358<\/sup>\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u906d\u4efb\u4f55\u640d\u5931\u3001\u50b7\u5bb3\u6216\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u8591\u8150\u58de\u6216\u5176\u5c07\u6709\u6240\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u756a\u7d05\u82b1\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0a\u88dc\u8db3\u4e4b\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a69\u4f4f\u5176\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u9019\u90fd\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6db5\u84cb\u6240\u6709\u66ab\u6642\u8ca1\u8ca8\u3002\u795e\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u662f\u8b93\u4eba\u5b58\u6709\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u548c\u6613\u8150\u721b\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e0a\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7a69\u5b9a\u548c\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u5229\u6f64\uff1b\u666e\u4e16\u90fd\u88ab\u5438\u4e7e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9322\u90fd\u6c88\u7a4d\u3001\u6f02\u6d41\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u53e3\u888b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6975\u77ed\u671f\u5167\u53ef\u4ee5\u81f4\u5bcc\u9054\u5230\u5bcc\u53ef\u6575\u570b\uff0c\u8cb7\u4e0b\u6574\u500b\u738b\u516c\u570b\u5bb659<\/sup> \u7684\u5be6\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u795e\u65e8\u610f\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u4ed6\u5011\u5982\u6b64\u505a\u8cb7\u8ce3\uff0c\u8b93\u5225\u4eba\u90fd\u627f\u64d4\u640d\u5931\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u5e74\u5e74\u6642\u8cfa\u6642\u8667\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5247\u5305\u8d0f\u4e0d\u8f38\uff0c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5229\u6f64\u537b\u4ee5\u9130\u70ba\u58d1\u3002\u6b64\u7b49\u4eba\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u76dc\u53d6\u8209\u4e16\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u70ba\u5947\uff0c\u4e14\u77ed\u671f\u73fe\u8cfa\u5c0f\u9322\u52dd\u904e\u9577\u4e45\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u5927\u9322\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7528\u4eba\u5011\u77ed\u66ab\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5c0f\u9322\uff0c\u4f86\u71df\u9020\u9577\u671f\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5927\u9322\uff0c\u66f4\u6beb\u4e0d\u624b\u8edf\u3002\u96e3\u602a\u4eba\u70ba\u738b\u516c\uff0c\u6211\u70ba\u4e5e\u4e10\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u570b\u738b\u541b\u4e3b\u5fc5\u9808\u770b\u91cd\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u81ea\u6211\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u807d\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u6cbe\u4e86\u908a\uff0c60<\/sup> \u800c\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u300c\u5b98\u9577\u5c45\u5fc3\u6096\u9006\uff0c\u8207\u76dc\u8cca\u4f5c\u4f34\u300d\uff08\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8\u4e00\u7ae023 \u7bc0\uff09\u61c9\u9a57\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u7aca\u76dc\u8005\u8a85\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u7aca\u570b\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8005\u4faf\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5927\u76dc\u8655\u6b7b\u5c0f\u5077\u300d\u8afa\u8a9e61<\/sup> \u4fbf\u662f\u3002\u5982\u7f85\u99ac\u5143\u8001\u9662\u52a0\u5716\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u5c0f\u5077\u6b7b\u65bc\u5730\u7262\u4e00\u9685\uff0c\u5927\u76dc\u7a7f\u91d1\u6234\u9280\u98a8\u5149\u570b\u5916\u300d\u300262<\/sup> \u795e\u6700\u5f8c\u7576\u600e\u9ebc\u5be9\u5224\uff1f\u4ed6\u8981\u6309\u7167\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u897f\u7d50\u5148\u77e5\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u600e\u6a23\u5c07\u9280\u3001\u9285\u3001\u9435\u3001\u925b\u3001\u932b\u805a\u5728\u7210\u4e2d\uff0c\u5439\u706b\u9394\u5316\uff1b\u7167\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u8981\u767c\u6012\u6c23\u548c\u5fff\u6012\uff0c\u5c07\u4f60\u5011\u805a\u96c6\u653e\u5728\u57ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u9394\u5316\u4f60\u5011\u3002\u300d\uff08\u4ee5\u897f\u7d50\u66f8\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae020 \u7bc0\uff09\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u738b\u516c\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u6050\u6015\u9019\u500b\u5be9\u5224\u6642\u8fb0\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u4e86\u9580\u53e3\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8ad6\u8cb4\u8ce4\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u81f3\u7d42\u4e0d\u6539\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5929\u7236\u4e5f\u7d55\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\u4e0d\u4e88\u61f2\u7f70\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u9700\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u505a\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u597d\u826f\u5fc3\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7b54\u8986\uff1a\u6efe\uff01\u4ed6\u5011\u6539\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8cbf\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u7559\u6b63\u76f4\u8aa0\u5be6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u76f4\u8aa0\u5be6\u5b58\u7559\uff0c\u8cbf\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u53d7\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u7761\u5e8a\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u64e0\u6389\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u88ab\u5b50\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u53ef\u7f69\u4f4f\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u300c\u539f\u4f86\uff0c\u5e8a\u69bb\u77ed\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u8212\u8eab\uff1b\u88ab\u7aa9\u7a84\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u906e\u9ad4\u3002\u300d\uff08\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u7ae020 \u7bc0\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u8ad6\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb865<\/sup><\/h2>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ea6\u70ba\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6253\u4ed669<\/sup> \u7684\u5974\u50d5\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u82e5\u8aaa\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u8b49\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\uff1b\u6211\u82e5\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6253\u6211\u5462\uff1f\u300d\uff08\u7d04\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u516b\u7ae023 \u7bc0\uff09\u8a31\u591a\u7d93\u5b78\u4e4b\u58eb\u5c0d\u9019\u53e5\u7d93\u6587\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6709\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8036\u7a4c\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u7942\u5728\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e94\u7ae039 \u7bc0\u6559\u8a13\u4eba\u90a3\u6a23\u905e\u4e0a\u81c9\u9830\u53d7\u6253\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u672a\u5c07\u6587\u5b57\u8b80\u5c0d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u5728\u8b1b\u9019\u4e9b\u8a71\u6642\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5a01\u5687\uff1b\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u5831\u5fa9\u9084\u64ca\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u7942\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5805\u62d2\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u81c9\u9830\u7684\u88ab\u638c\u6451\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e3b\u751a\u81f3\u6c92\u6709\u5be9\u65b7\u6216\u6012\u8cac\u90a3\u5974\u50d5\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u8056\u5f7c\u5f97\u6240\u5beb\u300c\u7942\u88ab\u7f75\u4e0d\u9084\u53e3\uff1b\u53d7\u5bb3\u4e0d\u8aaa\u5a01\u5687\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u53ea\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea4\u8a17\u90a3\u6309\u516c\u7fa9\u5be9\u5224\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5f7c\u5f97\u524d\u66f8\u4e8c\u7ae023 \u7bc0\uff09\u7942\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5728\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u6211\u8aaa\u7684\u70ba\u771f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u5011\u6253\u5f97\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u795e\u6703\u9451\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f60\u5011\u8981\u64d4\u8ca0\u8b49\u660e\u4e4b\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u300d\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u7576\u6492\u52a0\u5229\u4e9e\u8981\u88ab\u6bba\u5bb3\u6642\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300cVideat dominus et judicet\u300d\uff08\u300c\u795e\u8981\u9451\u5bdf\u548c\u5be9\u5224\u300d\uff0970<\/sup>\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u5f7c\u62c9\u591a\u9762\u524d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7942\u56de\u7b54\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4ea4\u7d66\u4f60\u7684\u90a3\u4eba\u7f6a\u66f4\u91cd\u4e86\u3002\u300d\uff08\u7d04\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae011 \u7bc0\uff09\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8981\u4ee5\u5f1f\u5144\u822c\u7684\u771f\u8aa0\uff0c\u8209\u51fa\u5c0d\u65b9\u5728\u795e\u9762\u524d\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u548c\u8981\u53d7\u7684\u795e\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u8b66\u544a\u90a3\u72af\u932f\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f60\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u8a71\uff1a\u300c\u5f88\u597d\uff1b\u4f60\u62ff\u53bb\u6211\u7684\u5916\u8863\uff0c\u548c\u9019\u6a23\u90a3\u6a23\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u932f\uff0c\u5247\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u795e\u9762\u524d\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002\u300d\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u906d\u9047\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u6050\u5687\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8b66\u544a\u4e26\u63d0\u9192\u4ed6\u903c\u8fd1\u7684\u6bc0\u6ec5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u6a23\u4e0d\u80fd\u594f\u6548\u6539\u8b8a\u4ed6\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u596a\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u62ff\u56de\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c64\u6b21\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u8aa1\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8b93\u60f3\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4eba71<\/sup> \u7684\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u66f8\u4e03\u7ae025 \u81f328 \u7bc0\u95dc\u65bc\u5b88\u7ae5\u8eab\u548c\u8655\u5973\u4e00\u6a23\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u62ff\u56de\u539f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6cd5\u5b50\u62b5\u6297\u5f37\u903c\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u82b1\u908a\u4fee\u98fe72<\/sup> \u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5730\u8ad6\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6307\u51fa\u6b63\u5178\uff08\u800c\u975e\u6c11\u6cd5\uff09\u8a18\u8f09\u300cVimvi pellere jura sinunt\u300d73<\/sup>\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bb9\u8a31\u6b66\u529b\u5c0d\u6b66\u529b\u4f5c\u6b63\u7576\u9632\u885b\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u540c\u4e00\u4f86\u6e90\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4fd7\u8b02\u81ea\u6211\u9632\u885b\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5747\u4e0d\u53d7\u61f2\u7f70\u300274<\/sup> \u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f15\u7528\u8056\u7d93\u4e9e\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u3001\u5927\u885b\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5beb\u5230\u61f2\u7f70\u3001\u5831\u5fa9\u6575\u4eba\u60c5\u4e8b\u3002\u53c8\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u5165\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8a8d\u70basolve istud\uff08\u5982\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\uff09\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u8c48\u4e0d\u662f\u6557\u58de\u7684\u898f\u689d\uff0c\u5bb9\u8a31\u76dc\u8cca\u5077\u53d6\u5230\u543e\u4eba\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u6027\u547d\u90fd\u7121\u6240\u4f9d\u9760\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u4f86\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e94\u7ae040 \u7bc0\u300c\u22ef\u22ef\u62ff\u4f60\u7684\u88e1\u8863\uff0c\u9023\u5916\u8863\u22ef\u22ef\u300d\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0csecundum preparationem animi75<\/sup> \u662f\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u6253\u5f9e\u5fc3\u5e95\u4f86\u505a\u5b83\u3002\u9019\u662f\u9ad8\u8cb4\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4ee5\u8a3b\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u5916\u5728\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u9001\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u5167\u5728\u51fa\u65bc\u81f3\u8aa0\u3001\u9810\u5099\u5982\u6b64\u505a\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6211\u5011\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u60c5\u9858\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6a23\u662f\u62d2\u7d55\u7d66\u4e88\u4ed6\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u6216\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6557\u58de\u7684\u5929\u7136\u6027\u60c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u96e3\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u60e1\u5f85\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u56de\u5831\u826f\u5584\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u662f\u795e\u7d66\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u3002\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e94\u7ae042 \u7bc0\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u6c42\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u7d66\u4ed6\uff1b\u6709\u5411\u4f60\u501f\u8cb8\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a8\u8fad\u3002\u300d\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u516d\u7ae030 \u7bc0\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u51e1\u6c42\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u7d66\u4ed6\u3002\u300d\u7121\u5206\u662f\u6575\u4eba\u3001\u5c0d\u982d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e3b\u8036\u7a4c\u5728\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u516d\u7ae032 \u81f335 \u7bc0\u8ddf\u8457\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u5011\u82e5\u55ae\u611b\u90a3\u611b\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u916c\u8b1d\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e5f\u611b\u90a3\u611b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f60\u5011\u82e5\u5584\u5f85\u90a3\u5584\u5f85\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u916c\u8b1d\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u5011\u82e5\u501f\u7d66\u4eba\uff0c\u6307\u671b\u5f9e\u4ed6\u6536\u56de\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u916c\u8b1d\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e5f\u501f\u7d66\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u5982\u6578\u6536\u56de\u3002\u4f60\u5011\u5012\u8981\u611b\u4ec7\u6575\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5584\u5f85\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u501f\u7d66\u4eba\u4e0d\u6307\u671b\u511f\u9084\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u8cde\u8cdc\u5c31\u5fc5\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u4e5f\u5fc5\u4f5c\u81f3\u9ad8\u8005\u7684\u5152\u5b50\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6069\u5f85\u90a3\u5fd8\u6069\u7684\u548c\u4f5c\u60e1\u7684\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. \u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u66f8\u516d\u7ae035 \u7bc0\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u8981\u51fa\u501f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u8b02\u51fa\u501f\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u501f\u4e86\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8b1b\uff0c\u51fa\u501f\u4eba\u4e0d\u6536\u4efb\u4f55\u8cbb\u7528\u6216\u984d\u5916\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002\u72e1\u733e\u7684\u8caa\u5a6a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6703\u62ab\u4e0a\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u507d\u88dd\uff0c\u5047\u88dd\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4f9b\u61c9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u79ae\u7269\uff0c129<\/sup> \u4f46\u82e5\u90a3\u79ae\u7269\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u501f\u8cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5c31\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002\u501f\u9322\u8005\u82e5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8cbb\u7372\u5f97\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4ed6\u5be7\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u9019\u500b\u79ae\u7269\u3002\u9019\u500b\u79ae\u7269\u5728\u501f\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u51fa\u501f\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8005\u5411\u5bcc\u6709\u8005\u8ca2\u737b\u300c\u79ae\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5331\u4e4f\u7684\u4eba\u51fa\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5411\u5bcc\u9918\u7684\u4eba\u8ca2\u737b\u79ae\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u6975\u70ba\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u88ab\u4eba\u5f37\u8feb\u7684\u7de3\u6545\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u70ba\u501f\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\u800c\u6536\u8cbb\u662f\u9055\u53cd\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u5728\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u516d\u7ae031 \u7bc0\u53ca\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e03\u7ae012 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u5011\u9858\u610f\u4eba\u600e\u6a23\u5f85\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u4e5f\u8981\u600e\u6a23\u5f85\u4eba\u3002\u300d130<\/sup> \u6545\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5730\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u5225\u4eba\u501f\u7d66\u4ed6\u9ed1\u9ea5\uff0c\u537b\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u511f\u9084\u5c0f\u9ea5\uff1b\u640d\u8017\u7684\u9322\u5e63\uff0c\u537b\u511f\u9084\u826f\u5e63\uff1b\u7455\u75b5\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u511f\u9084\u4e0a\u597d\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5012\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u5230\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u4ee5\u6b21\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\u597d\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u6536\u53d6\u984d\u5916\u8cbb\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u501f\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5be6\u884c\u4e0a\u537b\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u672c\u7136\uff0c\u662f\u72af\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u662f\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u8005\u7684\u76e4\u525d\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u4ee5\u9130\u70ba\u8c41\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u5225\u4eba\u9019\u6a23\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u537b\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c0d\u5f85\u9130\u820d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u9019\u662f\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u65b0\u7d04\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c \u8056\u7d93\u5beb\u9053\uff1a \u300c\u8981\u611b\u4eba\u5982\u5df1\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5229\u672a\u8a18\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae018 \u7bc0\uff1b\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae039\u7bc0\uff09\u9019\u4e9b\u51fa\u501f\u4eba\u53ea\u611b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c131<\/sup> \u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5fe0\u8c9e\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u611b\u4f86\u95dc\u5fc3\u9130\u820d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8<\/h2>\n

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    \u7b2c\u4e09\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee5\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4f86\u88dc\u6551\u6b64\u7a2e\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u812b\u96e2\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002142<\/sup> \u84cb\u5176\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cb\u653e\u5b83\u6216\u8005\u4fdd\u8b77\u5b83\u812b\u96e2\u8caa\u5a6a\u548c\u81ea\u79c1\u4e4b\u611b\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u77e5\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c0e\u5411\u4ec1\u611b\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5f9e\u8ced\u535a\u4f86\u7684\u9322\u8ca1\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u6b78\u985e\u5728\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u4e2d\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u662f\u5f9e\u81ea\u5229\u3001\u81ea\u611b\uff0c\u548c\u7f6a\u60e1\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5993\u5973\u7684\u7372\u5229\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7531\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u662f\u7f6a\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5f9e\u8a5b\u5492\u3001\u8d77\u8a93\u548c\u8a46\u6bc0\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\uff1b\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u7f6a\u60e1\u7684\u5229\u5f97\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u7121\u6cd5\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5229\u5f97\uff08zinss\uff09\u7684\u8cfc\u8cb7\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7372\u53d6\u5229\u5f97\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6545\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5011\u505a\u5f97\u6b63\u78ba\u8207\u6d3d\u7576\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u660e\u767d\u5730\u8b66\u544a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bcc\u6709\u3001\u4e26\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5229\u606f\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5408\u7d04\u4f86\u589e\u76ca\u5176\u6240\u5f97\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u628a\u91cd\u64d4\u52a0\u4e0a\u5225\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e43\u7f6e\u8eab\u5728\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u8caa\u5a6a\u5439\u5653\u7684\u5925\u4f34143<\/sup> \u4e00\u6a23\u884c\u4e8b\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u6536\u5230\u5229\u606f\u5f8c\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u518d\u6295\u8cc7\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5f97\u5229\u5f97\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u6efe\u5229\uff0c\u50cf\u6c34\u8eca\u4e0d\u65b7\u63a8\u52d5\u78e8\u574a\u4e00\u6a23\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u516c\u7136\u3001\u7121\u6065\u7684\u8caa\u5a6a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u7b28\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u7684\u8caa\u5a6a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u8ad6\u9019\u500b\u5229\u5f97zinss kauff\u662f\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u751f\u610f\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ee5\u5b83\u516c\u7136\u5730\u63a9\u98fe\u548c\u7121\u6065\u7684\u8caa\u5a6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u906d\u53d7\u61f2\u7f70\u5730\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4fbf\u7dbd\u7dbd\u6709\u9918\u3002\u795e\u662f\u9451\u5bdf\u6240\u6709\u7f6a\u60e1\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u6557\u58de\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u7a2e\u4ea4\u6613\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236\u8caa\u5a6a\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u56db\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5be9\u8996\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6c61\u67d3\u4e4b\u4e8b\u696d\u6b63\u9762\u8a55\u50f9\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5b57\u53eb\u505a\u5229\u606f\uff08interesse\uff09144<\/sup>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u8cb4\u3001\u73cd\u5947\u3001\u6eab\u9806\u7684\u5c0f\u5b57\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u5fb7\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6709100 \u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\uff08\u9322\uff09\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5be9\u614e\u52aa\u529b\u4f5c\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5927\u6982\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u52295 \u52306 \u500b\u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\uff08\u9322\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u5b83\u6295\u8cc7\u5728\u67d0\u4eba\u67d0\u9805\u6703\u751f\u7522\u7684\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4ed6\u800c\u975e\u6211\u4f86\u4ee3\u52de\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\u9805\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u6211\u5f9e\u4ed6\u90a3\u908a\u7372\u5f975 \u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6211\u672c\u4f86\u653e\u5728\u5225\u8655\u6240\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7372\u76ca\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4ee5\u5229\u5f97\uff08zinss\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf100\u4e2d\u7d66\u62115 \u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\u7576\u4f5c\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u662f\u672c\u6848\u8cb7\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8ce3\u65b9\u3002\u300d\u5728\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5229\u606f\u5408\u7d04\u662f\u5408\u5b9c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6191\u85c9\u540c\u4e00\u7b46\u6b3e\u9805\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5225\u8655\u4e00\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u5831\u916c\u6703\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u9019\u500b\u5229\u606f\u65e2\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u3002\u6240\u6709\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u9019\u7a2e\u7684\u5229\u606f\u5728\u4e16\u96e3\u627e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u5f91\u5728\u53cd\u5236\u5b83\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6709100 \u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\u4f86\u4f5c\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u5f97\u627f\u64d4\u4e0a\u767e\u7a2e\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u6211\u6703\u6beb\u7121\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u70ba\u4e86\u6551\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u672c\u9322\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8ce0\u4e0a4 \u500d\u3002\u6216\u56e0\u751f\u75c5\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6216\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8ca8\u6e90\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u6578\u4e4b\u4e0d\u76e1\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5931\u6557\u3001\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u50b7\u5bb3\u8d85\u904e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7d93\u71df\u640d\u5931\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u5229\u606f\u300d\uff0c\u6bd4\u6295\u8cc7\u5229\u6f64\u7684\u300c\u5229\u606f\u300d\u8981\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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    \u518d\u8005\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u53bb\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u7b97\u51fa\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u7684\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u4eba\u529b\u6240\u80fd\u7b97\u8a08\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u5229\u5f97\u7684\u5408\u7d04\u6709\u5176\u57fa\u790e\u53ef\u8a00\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u5be7\u53ef\u6295\u8cc7100 \u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5229\u5f97\u7372\u5229\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u505a\u751f\u610f\u3002\u5728\u751f\u610f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u9664\u672c\u91d1\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u640d\u593120 \u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5229\u606f\u5408\u7d04\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ea\u50c5\u640d\u59315 \u584a\u9322\uff0c\u5c1a\u53ef\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u672c\u91d1\u3002\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u610f\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u91d1\u9322\u6642\u5e38\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u8ca8\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u6c92\u628a\u63e1\u3001\u53ca\u5916\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u800c\u9020\u6210\u9592\u7f6e\u6c92\u6709\u9032\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5229\u606f\u5408\u7d04\u4e0a\u5012\u662f\u96a8\u6642\u90fd\u5728\u8cfa\u9322\u3002<\/p>\n

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    \u6b64\u8207\u7406\u667a\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u5927\u6709\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u78ba\u8a8d\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4ea4\u6613\u88e1\uff0c\u98a8\u96aa\u6982\u7531\u8cb7\u65b9\u627f\u53d7\uff0c148<\/sup> \u8a8d\u70ba\u8ce3\u65b9\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5c0d\u92b7\u552e\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u5411\u8cb7\u65b9\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u8cfc\u8cb7\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u571f\u5730\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5229\u5f97\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u8cfc\u8cb7\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5229\u606f\u652f\u4ed8\u8005\u7684\u8f9b\u52de\u548c\u4ed6\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u5229\u606f\u4f86\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u52de\u52d5\u6642\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u96e3\u8655\uff0c\u53ca\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u56e0\u52e4\u52de\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u6216\u5931\u8077\u6240\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u91ce\u7378\u3001\u4eba\u3001\u75c5\u75db\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u96e3\u8655\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u5f97\u7684\u51fa\u8b93\u4eba\u6709\u8457\u548c\u8cb7\u65b9\u4e00\u6a23\u5927\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u7d93\u904e\u52aa\u529b\u52de\u52d5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7372\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u5c0d\u8cb7\u65b9\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4eca\u5e74\u6211\u6beb\u4e0d\u8667\u6b20\u60a8\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u7522\u696d\u4e2d\u51fa\u552e\u6211\u7684\u6c57\u6c34\u548c\u52de\u4f5c\u7d66\u60a8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002\u9019\u662f\u60a8\u7684\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u975e\u6211\u7684\u640d\u5931\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u5f9e\u6211\u7684\u7372\u5229\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u60a8\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6211\u7684\u640d\u5931\u4e0a\u6709\u4efd\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6bcf\u7b46\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u300d\u4efb\u4f55\u5229\u5f97\u7684\u8cb7\u53d7\u4eba\u4e0d\u505a\u6b64\u60f3\uff0c\u5247\u4ed6\u8207\u76dc\u532a\u3001\u8b00\u6bba\u8005\u7121\u7570\uff0c\u662f\u5f37\u596a\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u7522\u696d\u548c\u751f\u8a08\u3002\u54c0\u54c9\uff01<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e5d\u9ede\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u7d71\u5305\u7684\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\u6c92\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u9805\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u537b\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ca1\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u660e\u986f\u6709\u932f\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u660e\u5408\u7d04\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cb7\u65b9\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u9003\u907f\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6536\u53d6\u5229\u606f\uff1b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6240\u5f97\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u6210\u662f\u6557\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u7684\u5229\u606f\uff08\u5f97\uff09\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n

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    \u73fe\u5728\u5229\u606f\u7684\u8cfc\u8cb7\u90fd\u662f\u9810\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u56fa\u5b9a\u548c\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u91d1\u984d\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86\u90fd\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u5e74\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u597d\u58de\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6240\u6709\u571f\u5730\u548c\u767e\u59d3\u90fd\u88ab\u8e42\u8eaa\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5229\u606f\u5408\u7d04\u8b8a\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u7aae\u4e4f\u6216\u7e41\u69ae\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u90fd\u7167\u6a23\u8cb7\u9032\u5b83\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u70ba\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u8cb7\u9032\u53e6\u5916\u795e\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u798f\u4efd\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6beb\u4e0d\u6b63\u7576\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u85c9\u7531\u5229\u606f\u9019\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5438\u566c\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u6c57\u3002\u7121\u7591\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5e74\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u8af8\u767e\u5e74162<\/sup> \u7684\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u5df2\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9818\u5730\u548c\u571f\u5730\u90fd\u8017\u7aed\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u62b5\u62bc\u548c\u6bc0\u68c4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u662f\u5018\u82e5\u9019\u4efd\u5408\u7d04\u6216\u5229\u5f97\u662f\u4ee5\u623f\u5c4b\u6216\u8005\u624b\u5de5\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u70ba\u5831\u511f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8fb2\u7522\u70ba\u5831\u511f\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u9805\u8cb7\u8ce3\u80fd\u5920\u518d\u6b21\u4ee5\u6469\u897f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u66f8\u7684\u79a7\u5e74\u6cd5\u5247\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u6c38\u8ce3\u300d\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u7a2e\u4ea4\u6613\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u524d\u4f8b\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6703\u6bd4\u795e\u7d66\u7942\u5b50\u6c11\u7684\u5f8b\u4f8b\u66f4\u597d\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u5229\u672a\u8a18\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae010 \u7bc0\uff09\u3002\u7942\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u8f38\u7d66\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u7bc0\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5408\u5b9c\u7ba1\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u7f9e\u65bc\u8ffd\u96a8\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7687\u5e1d\u3001\u541b\u738b\u3001\u738b\u516c\u548c\u5730\u4e3b\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8a73\u52a0\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7167\u9867\u571f\u5730\u548c\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6551\u63f4\u767e\u59d3\u812b\u96e2\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u864e\u53e3\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u6703\u6539\u5584\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u6700\u512a\u5148\u6025\u8feb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8655\u7406\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u537b\u6492\u624b\u4e0d\u7ba1\uff0c163<\/sup> \u800c\u8207\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u5730\uff0c\u66b4\u8650\u7684\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u5c07\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u91cd\u64d4\u653e\u5728\u571f\u5730\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u518d\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5410\u51fa\u4ed6\u5011\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7d42\u5c07\u81ea\u53d6\u6bc0\u6ec5\u3002\u9858\u795e\u8cdc\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u4eae\u5149\u548c\u6069\u5178\u3002\u963f\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6ce8\u91cb<\/h2>\n

    1 Fynantze \u4e00\u8a5e\u57286 \u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f3c\u73fe\u4eca\u6642\u4ee3\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4fc2\u593e\u5e36\u6709\u7d55\u5c0d\u90aa\u60e1\uff0c\u51fa\u81ea\u8086\u7121\u5fcc\u619a\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u85b0\u5fc3\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u8a6d\u8a08\u3001\u9a19\u8853\u3001\u8a50\u6b3a\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u3002Grimm, Deutches W\u00f6rterbuch, III, 1639\uff5e1640\u3002<\/p>\n

    2 \u9019\u4e9b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u548c\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f55\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u7121\u53ef\u8003\u3002\u53c3\u8003\u524d\u8a00242 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    3 \u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u51b0\u7bb1\u51b7\u85cf\u8a2d\u65bd\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u9999\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u597d\u7684\u98df\u7269\u9632\u8150\u5291\u3002<\/p>\n

    4 \u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u81f4\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8cb4\u65cf\u7684\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5c07\u7576\u6642\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u7f6a\u60e1\u6b78\u8af8\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7121\u80fd\u3002\u770bPE 2, 158\uff5e159. \u5982\u8a31\u591a\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8b74\u8cac\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u51fa\u53e3\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u570b\u969b\u9032\u53e3\u9805\u76ee\u3002BG7, 515, n. 1\u3002<\/p>\n

    5 \u6bd4\u8f03\u8def\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u795e\u9010\u6f38\u8cdc\u798f\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u6559\u5c0e\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5377532 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    6 \u7576\u6642\u9322\u5e63\u548c\u8cb4\u91cd\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9020\u6210\u666e\u904d\u8ca7\u7aae\u548c\u7269\u50f9\u4e0a\u6f32\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002MA35, 415, n. 116\u30021522 \u5e74\u5728Reichstag \u5c0d\u65bc\u5546\u4eba\u70ba\u4e86\u652f\u4ed8\u9032\u53e3\uff0c\u4ed8\u76e1\u4e86\u91d1\u3001\u9280\u3001\u9285\u5230\u570b\u5916\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u63a7\u8a34\u3002\u898bGustv Schmoller, Zur Geschichte der national-\u00f6konomische Ansichten in Deutschland w\u00e4hrend der Reformations-Periode (Zeitchrife f\u00fcr die gesamte Staatswissenschaft\u201d [T\u00fcbingen],vol. SVI [1860], p. 637)\u3002<\/p>\n

    7 \u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u672c\u570b\u7684\u7d21\u7e54\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u5e7e\u5e74\u5f8c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\u90fd\u7522\u751f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b98\u65b9\u653f\u7b56\u9650\u5236\u7d21\u7e54\u54c1\u9032\u53e3\u548c\u6bdb\u7e54\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u3002Ibid., pp. 650-653\u3002<\/p>\n

    8 \u7e7c\u9054\u4f3d\u99ac\u57281498 \u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u7531\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u901a\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4b\u822a\u8def\u5f8c\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u9999\u6599\u8cbf\u6613\u58df\u65b7\u6b0a\u3002\u57281523 \u5e74Reichstag \u7684\u6297\u8b70\u8072\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a0e\u58eb\u5011\u8cac\u602a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u9664\u4e86\u4ed8\u9322\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4f86\u63db\u53d6\u5176\u9999\u6599\u3002Ibid., p. 638\u3002<\/p>\n

    9 \u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5546\u54c1\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u5404\u5730\u5546\u5c55\u6703\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u9060\u8655\u5546\u4eba\u524d\u4f86\u51fa\u552e\u5176\u5546\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

    10 Heller \u662f\u534a\u500bPfennig \u7684\u5c0f\u9322\u3002<\/p>\n

    11 \u67e5\u8003Zinss \u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8acb\u770b\u5c0e\u8ad6234\uff5e238 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    12 \u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5927\u6559\u7fa9\u554f\u7b54\uff081529\uff09\u8ac7\u5230\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u8aa1\u547d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u6bcf\u500b\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u5176\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u96a8\u610f\u8a2d\u8a02\u50f9\u683c\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u770bTheodore G. Tappert ed., The book of Concord (Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press, 1959), p. 397\u3002<\/p>\n

    13 \u8ad6\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\uff08On Natural law\uff09\uff0c\u53c3\u8003127 \u9801\uff0cn. 117\u3002<\/p>\n

    14 \u516c\u5e73\u50f9\u683c\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u6700\u65e9\u5f15\u5165\u7f85\u99ac\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5b78\u9662\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u683c\u3002Noonan, op.cit., pp. 82-89\u3002<\/p>\n

    15 \u98df\u7269\u92b7\u552e\u5546\u7684\u516c\u7d04\uff0c\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u3002\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u6839\u64da\u524d\u665a\u7684\u6f01\u7372\u91cf\u5728\u6bcf\u65e5\u6e05\u6668\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9b5a\u7684\u552e\u50f9\u3002\u57281202 \u5e74\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u570b\u738b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7576\u6642\u9eb5\u5305\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6b50\u6d32\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u9eb5\u5305\u3001\u9152\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u7ba1\u5236\u8457\u3002Heaton, Economic History of Europe(rev., 1948), pp. 194-195\u3002<\/p>\n

    16 \u898b\u8def\u5fb7\u6279\u8a55\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u5145\u65a5\u5a1b\u6a02\u884c\u5f91\uff0c\u758f\u5ffd\u5404\u8655\u7684\u516c\u5e79\uff0c120\uff5e121 \u9801\u53ca367\uff5e368 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    17 Thu wie ander leute, so narrestu nicht. \u898bWander ed., Sprichw\u00f6rter- Lexikon, III, 93, \u201cLeute\u201d, No. 1148\u3002<\/p>\n

    18 \u6b64\u53e5\u8a71\u672c\u65bcWA 15, 813, n. 297, 12\/13, \u53caCL3, 5, n. 21\u3002<\/p>\n

    19 \u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6642\u671f\u6975\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8ca8\u5e63\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4ee5\u91d1\u548c\u9280\u8868\u793a\u5404\u7a2e\u5e63\u5225\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5e38\u5e38\u8b8a\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5fb7\u570b\u5404\u5730\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u6bcf\u500b\u6642\u671f\u3001\u9444\u5e63\u5730\u9ede\u5728\u6574\u500b\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u7570\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u5404\u500b\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3001\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u5404\u7a2e\u6642\u671f\u5e63\u5225\u3002\u898bJohann C.Hirsch, Munz-Archiv…von dem VIII.bis auf das XVIII Seculum (Nurnberg: Felszecker, 1766)\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f44\uff5e64 \u9801 passim\uff0c\u8b1b\u5230 15 \u548c 16 \u4e16\u7d00\u85a9\u514b\u68ee\u9322\u5e63\u3002\u53c3\u898bSmith, Age of Reformation, p. 463\u3002\u53ca Schwiebert, Luther and His Times, p. 311\u3002<\/p>\n

    20 \u53c3\u898b\u8def\u5fb71522 \u5e74\u7684The Estate of Marriage\uff0c\u672c\u66f811\uff5e49 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    21 \u5047\u8a2d\u8def\u5fb7\u4e26\u4e0d\u6709\u610f\u6697\u6307\u4e00\u500b\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u61c9\u4e0d\u591a\u65bc\u5de5\u4eba\u6bcf\u65e5\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c21\u55ae\u5047\u8a2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u5831\u916c\u5982\u4f55\u3002Schmoller, op. cit., p. 495\u3002<\/p>\n

    22 \u7f85\u99ac\u6cd5\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6c92\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5408\u7d04\u578b\u5f0f\u300c\u4fdd\u96aa\u55ae\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9996\u5148\u5728\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5404\u6e2f\u53e3\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6d77\u904b\u5546\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u907f\u96aa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8ca8\u4e3b\u4ee5\u652f\u4ed8\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f49\u79fb\u4ed6\u8ca8\u54c1\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7d66\u4fdd\u96aa\u4eba\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u70ba\u5404\u5546\u696d\u57ce\u5e02\u6240\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u975e\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u4e4b\u9593\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4fdd\u8b49\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u4e2d\u3002\u8056\u65b9\u6fdf\u5949\u884c\u6703\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2dAngelo Carletti di Chivasso \u5728\u4ed61845 \u5e74\u7684Summa angelica de casibus conscientiae \u5141\u8a31\u5c07\u4fdd\u96aa\u7528\u5728\u5408\u5925\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50c5\u5141\u8a31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u9032\u884c\u4e4b\u3002\u5728Gabriel Biel \u7684\u5b78\u751fConrad Summenhart 1499 \u65bcTractatus de contractibus lititis atque illicitis \u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u4ed6\u81ea\u8eab\u5408\u5925\u4eba\u505a\u9019\u7a2e\u4fdd\u96aa\uff0c\u9019\u53c8\u70ba Johann Eck \u7684\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e09\u4efd\u5408\u7d04\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u300c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u5408\u7d04\u300d\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u81bd\u8faf\u8b77\u8216\u8def\u3002Eck \u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u7a2e\u5546\u696d\u878d\u8cc7\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u5df2\u670940 \u5e74\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u8cc7\u672c\u5408\u5925\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4e0a\u6536\u53d7\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u7684\u5831\u916c\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u4e09\u672c\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\u5169\u672c\u5408\u7d04\uff1a(1) \u5408\u7d04\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5408\u5925\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c(2) \u70ba\u7372\u53d6\u672a\u4f86\u5408\u5925\u4e8b\u696d\u53ef\u80fd\u7279\u5b9a\u5229\u5f97\u4e4b\u539f\u59cb\u672c\u91d1\u7684\u4fdd\u96aa\u5408\u7d04\uff0c(3) \u4ee5\u672a\u4f86\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u4f86\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u5dee\u4f46\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u5229\u5f97\u7684\u5408\u7d04\u3002Noonan, op.cit., pp. 202-212\u3002\u6709\u4fdd\u8b49\u7684\u5408\u7d04\u5c07\u6700\u50f5\u786c\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5229\u5f97\u57fa\u790e\u6709\u6240\u640d\u6bc0\uff0c\u5373\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u4eba\u652f\u4ed8\u511f\u9084\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u70ba Beil\u3001Summenhart \u548c Sylvester de Prierio \u6240\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u7a31\u6b64\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u6709\u4fdd\u8b49\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u76f8\u4e92\u8d16\u56de\u5229\u5f97\u7684\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u662f\u9817\u80fd\u88ab\u70ba\u60f3\u8981\u501f\u6b3e\u7684\u501f\u4e3b\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e2\u5408\u6cd5\u53c8\u975e\u5c6c\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u3002Ibid., pp. 230-237\u3002<\/p>\n

    23 \u53c3\u770b\u7bb4\u8a00\u5341\u4e00\u7ae015 \u7bc0\uff1b\u5341\u4e03\u7ae018 \u7bc0\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u53c3\u8003\u4fbf\u897f\u62c9\u667a\u8a13\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae014 \u81f320 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    24 Burgen soll man wurgen \u610f\u601d\u6307\u64d4\u4fdd\u4eba\u6216\u4fdd\u8b49\u4eba\u5982\u540c\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u516b\u7ae028 \u7bc0\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u9808\u88ab\u5e36\u5230\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002\u7bb4\u8a00\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u53e4\u4ee3\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6301\u6709\u4fdd\u8b49\u4eba\u61c9\u5168\u7136\u53d7\u8b74\u8cac\u7684\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u5230\u66ff\u4ee3\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u6b7b\u7f6a\u7684\u5211\u7f70\u5730\u6b65\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5728 Wander ed., Sprichw\u00f6rter-Lexikon, I, 513, \u201cBurge\u201d, No. 4\u3002\u53c3\u8003\u82f1\u6587\u70ba\u300c\u4fdd\u8b49\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u300dIbid., V, 1084\u3002<\/p>\n

    25 \u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8b1b\u8ff0\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8def\u5fb71529 \u5e74\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u5927\u554f\u7b54\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u8aa1\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u3002Tappert, The Book of Concord, p. 365\u3002<\/p>\n

    26 \u53c3\u898b\u50b3\u9053\u66f8\u4e00\u7ae02 \u81f33\u300114 \u7bc0\uff1b\u4e8c\u7ae011\u300121\u300124 \u81f325 \u7bc0\uff1b\u4e09\u7ae011\u81f314\u300122 \u7bc0\uff1b\u4e94\u7ae018 \u81f320 \u7bc0\uff1b\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1b\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

    27 \u53c3\u898b\u7d04\u4f2f\u8a18\u56db\u7ae020 \u7bc0\uff1b\u5341\u4e94\u7ae032 \u81f333 \u7bc0\uff1b\u5341\u516b\u7ae014 \u7bc0\uff1b\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae011\u300122 \u7bc0\uff1b\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7ae024 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    28 \u5728\u8def\u5fb71519 \u5e74\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u77ed\u8a55\u201cShort Sermon in Usury\uff02\uff08WA 6, 3-6\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u5f8c\u4f86\u518d\u65bc1520 \u5e74\u8ad6\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u201cLong Sermon on Usury\uff02\uff08\u672c\u5377295 \u9801\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7279\u5225\u628a\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u300d\u7684\u7a31\u547c\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u56db\u7a2e\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

    29 \u53c3\u898b\u8def\u5fb7\u66f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u76841520 \u5e74\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728273\uff5e280 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    30 \u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u516d\u7ae029 \u81f330 \u7bc0\uff1b\u53c3\u8003\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e94\u7ae040 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    31 \u5728\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u7d66\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8aa1\u547d\uff0c\u548c\u7d66\u610f\u6b32\u6210\u70ba\u5b8c\u5168\u4eba\u7684\u6307\u793a\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u898b82 \u9801\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f n. 6\u3002<\/p>\n

    32 \u53c3\u898b\u8def\u5fb71520 \u5e74\u66f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728273\uff5e280 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    33 \u770bWander ed., Sprichw\u00f6rter-Lexikon, II, 28, \u201cGott,\u201d no. 617\u3002<\/p>\n

    34 \u53c3\u898b\u8def\u5fb71520 \u5e74\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c289\uff5e295 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    35 \u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u548c\u6559\u6703\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5176\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u548c\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u5c0d\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u662f806 \u5e74Nyweger \u7684\u6709\u689d\u4ef6\u59a5\u5354\uff0c\u8aaa\u5b83\u662f\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6240\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9700\u7d22\u300d\u3002Noonan, op.cit., p. 15\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7e3d\u662f\u5c07\u5b83\u548c\u501f\u8cb8\u7522\u751f\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u662f\u5728\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u4e88\u4ee5\u7981\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u660e\u986f\u5730\u548c\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7522\u751f\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u898bIbid., pp. 17, 19\u3002<\/p>\n

    36 \u8def\u5fb7\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u53cd\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u73fe\u91d1\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u767c\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    37 \u770b\u672c\u537775\uff5e129 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    38 \u8def\u5fb7\u5f15\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u8056\u7d93\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u4e00\u7ae041 \u7bc0\uff0c\u5c07\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u4e2d\u7ce2\u7cca\u7684 ta enonta \u5b57\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u62c9\u4e01\u6587 quod superset\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u96e3\u89e3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u60df\u4e00\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4fc2\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u8036\u67d4\u7c73\u548c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\uff0c\u8a34\u6c42\u5230\u4e0d\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u65bd\u6368\u8005\u7684\u4fbf\u5b9c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6b78\u8af8\u4e00\u7a2e\u65bd\u6368\u7684\u88dc\u511f\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u51e1\u662f\u8d85\u904e\u98df\u7269\u548c\u8863\u88f3\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6b20\u7d66\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u300dGerhard Uhlhorn, Charity in the Ancient Church (New York: Scribners, 1883), pp. 68-69, 401, n. 4\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u537b\u907f\u514d\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u57281522 \u5e74\u7528 von ewr habe\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u300a\u6b3d\u5b9a\u672c\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u7528such things as ye have\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f60\u6709\u7684\u300d\uff09\u548c\u5f9e1526 \u8d77\u7528 von dem das da ist\uff08\u6587\u5b57\u610f\u70ba of what there is\u300c\u90a3\u6709\u7684\u300d\uff09\uff0cWA, DB 6, 266\uff5e267\u3002\u5728\u4ed61520\u5e74\u5728306 \u9801\u5f15\u7528\u7d93\u6587\uff1avon dem das deyn ist\uff08\u201cof that which is thine\uff02\uff0cThomas \u5ba3\u7a31\u65bd\u6368\u7684\u7d66\u4e88\u201cde superfluo\uff02\u9808\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u6559\u5c0e\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff08\u898b 82 \u9801\uff0cn. 6\uff09\u3002Karl Holl,\u201cDer Neubau der Sittlichkeit\uff02 in Gesammelte Aufs\u00e4tze zur kirchengeschichte, Vol. I, Luther, p. 166, n.1\u3002<\/p>\n

    39 \u53c3\u898b\u8def\u5fb71520 \u5e74\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c295 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    40 \u53c3\u898b\u5229\u672a\u8a18\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae036 \u81f337 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    41 \u898b247\uff5e252 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    42 \u58df\u65b7\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u6cd5\u4e2d\u662f\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u7684\uff1bCorpus juris civilis, Codex IV, 59 De monopoliis\u3002\u5fb7\u570b\u6700\u65e9\u7981\u5236\u58df\u65b7\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u8a18\u8f09\u5728 1512 \u5e74\u7684 Trier- Cologne \u898f\u7bc4\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u516c\u958b\u8b74\u8cac\u5546\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u58df\u65b7\u67d0\u4e9b\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u53ca\u65a5\u8cac\u5176\u9055\u53cd\u5e1d\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u8b39\u5b88\u898f\u77e9\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u898f\u7bc4\u7279\u5225\u7981\u6b62\u58df\u65b7\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6c92\u6536\u58df\u65b7\u5546\u54c1\u4f5c\u70ba\u8655\u7f70\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u737b\u770b Schmoller, op.,cit., pp. 500-501\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684 Reichstags\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u5c0d\u58df\u65b7\u7684\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\uff1b\u53c3\u770b Clemens Bauer, \u201cConrad Peutingers Gutachten zur Monopolfrage: Eine ntersuchung zur Wandlung der Wirtschafsanschauungen im Zeitalter der Reformation,\u201d Archiv f\u00fcr Reformationsgeschichte, XLV (1954), 146-157\u3002<\/p>\n

    43 \u53c3\u898b Gabriel Biel \u70ba\u7d04\u745f\u66fe\u5728\u9ea5\u5b50\u6536\u6210\u7684\u6295\u6a5f\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5011\u722d\u8ad6\u6b64\u9ede\uff0c\u6709\u5f85\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u5176\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u7d04\u745f\u7684\u552e\u50f9\u6703\u9ad8\u65bc\u8cfc\u8cb7\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7522\u91cf\u7a00\u5c11\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u683c\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u3002Robert B. Burke trans., Treatise on the Power and Utility of Moneys (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1930), p. 33\u3002<\/p>\n

    44 \u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u66ab\u6642\u7684\u653f\u6b0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u898b\u672c\u66f889\uff5e92 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    45 \u8def\u5fb7\u5c0d\u65bc\u820a\u7d04\u7a31\u4f5c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8acb\u8a73200 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    46 \u9019\u500b\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u4e5e\u4e10\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u5176\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ca0\u64d4\u4e00\u822c\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u8cbb\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

    47 Gorgel stecher odder kelstecher\u3002<\/p>\n

    48 \u502b\u6566\u5546\u4eba\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5404\u500b\u5e03\u5339\u92b7\u552e\u5546\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u57281486 \u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u878d\u8cc7\u3001\u5efa\u9020\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u548c\u6bcf\u5b63\u5f9e\u502b\u6566\u5411\u5916\u6d3e\u9063\u8239\u96bb\u81f3\u5404\u8655\u5e02\u5834\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u5ef6\u4f38\u5176\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6307\u5c0e\u5546\u4eba\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5177\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u878d\u8cc7\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5230\u982d\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8239\u96bb\u4f55\u6642\u555f\u822a\uff0c\u53ca\u904b\u5f80\u67d0\u500b\u5e02\u5834\u5730\u9ede\u3002\u57281518 \u5e74\u7d44\u7e54\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u6230\u502b\u6566\u5e02\u9577\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u5169\u4f4d\u4e0d\u670d\u5f9e\u6307\u5c0e\u7684\u5e02\u5e9c\u53c3\u4e8b\u4e88\u4ee5\u514d\u8077\u3002E.M.Carus-Wilson, \u201cThe Origins and Early Development of the Merchant Adventruers\u2019 Organization in London as Shown in Their Own Medieval Records,\u201d The Economic History Review, IV2 (1933), 147-176 (Published for the Economic History Society by A. & C. Black, London).<\/p>\n

    49 Fynantzen, \u898b245 \u9801\uff0cn. 1\u3002<\/p>\n

    50 \u81ea\u7d04\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u8d77\u7d93\u570b\u5bb6\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u6709\u5e87\u8b77\u6240\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u6703\u6148\u60e0\u4e8b\u5de5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u53c3\u770bUhlhorn, op.cit., pp. 365-367\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u56e0\u8a50\u6b3a\u3001\u53d7\u9a19\u8b8a\u6210\u516c\u5171\u7684\u50b5\u52d9\u8ca0\uff0c\u53c3\u898bMA35, 417, n.130, 28\u3002<\/p>\n

    51 \u5728\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u8a50\u9a19\u5012\u9589\u4e8b\u4ef6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8655\u7f70\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u91cd\uff0c\u5f9e\u653e\u9010\u3001\u892b\u596a\u516c\u6b0a\u5230\u540a\u5211\u7686\u6709\u3002Schmoller, op.,cit., pp. 591-592\u3002<\/p>\n

    52 Quinquernell \u5e38\u5e38\u7531\u7687\u5e1d\u900f\u904e\u8ca1\u7269\u6216\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u511f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ce6\u7d66\u4e88\u50b5\u52d9\u4eba\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u5c55\u5ef6\u511f\u9084\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u89f8\u72af\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u57ce\u5e02\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u516c\u6c11\u5f97\u514d\u9664\u88ab\uff08\u4e0d\u7576\u878d\u8cc7\uff09\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u3002Schmoller, op.cit., p. 593\u3002<\/p>\n

    53 \u8def\u5fb71520 \u5e74\u8ad6\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9019\u4f5c\u70ba\u5f8c\u534a\u6bb51524 \u5e74\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u8ac7\u5230\u53ef\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u5229\u5f97 zinss \u5408\u7d04\u3002\u53c3\u898b234\uff5e238 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    54 Fynantzen\uff1b\u898b245 \u9801\uff0cn.1\u3002<\/p>\n

    55 \u9664\u4e86\u5728\u76dc\u532a\u7684\u5200\u528d\u4e0b\u88ab\u6436\u596a\u5916\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u8ca9\u5fc5\u9808\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0d\u540c\u9a0e\u58eb\u3001\u7537\u7235\u9818\u5730\u6642\u7684\u901a\u884c\u904e\u95dc\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u8ca0\u64d4\u548c\u7d66\u4e88\u76dc\u532a\u8005\u76f8\u7576\u3002<\/p>\n

    56 \u53c3\u898b\u80e1\u85e4\u76841521 \u5e74\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u201cpraedones\uff02\uff08\u5f37\u76dc\u5011\uff09\u3002Bocking ed., Vlrichi Hvtteni Opera 4, 363-406\u3002\u80e1\u85e4\u7a31\u8aaa\u6709\u56db\u985e\u76dc\u532a\uff1a\u6d41\u5bc7\u3001\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u795e\u8077\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5546\u4eba\u6700\u58de\u3002\u898bSmith, Age of the Reformation, p. 530\u3002<\/p>\n

    57 \u53c3\u898b262 \u9801\uff0cn. 42\u3002<\/p>\n

    58 Dir krumme ynn die beuge kome \u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u62c9\u7dca\u7e43\u5f4e\u300d\uff0c\u6771\u897f\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

    59 Bartholomew Rem \u8209\u4e00\u500b\u5967\u65af\u5821 Ambrose H\u00f6chstetter \u8cbf\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8a18\u5e33\u54e1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e94\u767e\u9280\u5e63\u958b\u59cb\u6295\u8cc7\u5728\u9999\u6599\u8cbf\u6613\u4e0a\uff0c\u516d\u5e74\u4e2d\u8cfa\u5f97\u4e09\u842c\u9280\u5e63\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002August Kluckhohn, Zur Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaften und Monopole im Zeitalter der Reformation (\u201cHistorische Aufsatze dem Andenken an Georg Waitz gewidmet\u201d [Hannover: Hohn, 18861], p. 671)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5feb\u901f\u7a4d\u805a\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6700\u70ba\u9192\u76ee\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u662f\u5967\u65af\u5821\u7684\u5bcc\u683c\uff08Fugger\uff09\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u572821 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u885d\u9ad8\u5176\u8ca1\u5bcc\u90541,634%\uff0cPE 2, 160, n. 2\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5169\u4ee3\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u7926\u696d\u3001\u5546\u696d\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u58df\u65b7\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u6578\u767e\u842c\u8a08\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u73fe\u91d1\u958b\u652f\uff0c\u4f7f\u67e5\u7406\u4e94\u4e16\u8d0f\u5f971519\u5e74\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u9078\u8209\u3002Schwiebert, op.cit., p. 41\u3002G.F. von P\u00f6lnitz, op.cit., I, 418\uff5e441\u3002<\/p>\n

    60 \u5728 Trier-Cologne 1512 \u5e74\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u5f37\u5236\u53cd\u58df\u65b7\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff08\u898b262 \u9801\uff0cn.42\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5e1d\u570b\u6cd5\u5236\u9032\u5c55\u52301513 \u5e74\u6709\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\u5967\u65af\u5821\u67d0\u4e9b\u5546\u8ca9\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9072\u7de9\u4e0d\u7acb\u523b\u53d6\u5f97\u738b\u5b50\u5011\u7684\u6069\u5bf5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u5f9e\u570b\u738b\u90a3\u908a\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u5229\u6f64\u56de\u5831\u4f5c\u70ba\u56de\u994b\u3002Smith, op.,cit., p. 530\u3002\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u638c\u6b0a\u8005\u52fe\u7d50\u5171\u72af\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5df2\u57281521 \u5e74\u795e\u8056\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b Worms \u8b70\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u8b74\u8cac\uff0c\u800c\u8f03\u65e9\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5bcc\u683c\u5bb6\u65cf\u5ba3\u7a31\uff0c\u70ba\u67e5\u7406\u4e94\u4e16\u8d0f\u5f97\u5e1d\u4f4d\u4fbf\u662f\u3002Kluckhohn, op.cit., p. 672\u3002<\/p>\n

    61 Wander ed., Sprichw\u00f6rter-Lexikon, I, 589, \u201cDieb,\u201d no. 145.<\/p>\n

    62 \u53c3\u898b Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights XI, xviii, 18\u3002<\/p>\n

    63 \u57281519 \u79cb\u5b63\u767c\u8868\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u77ed\u8ad6\uff08WA 6, 3-8\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5708\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u7576\u5e7412 \u6708\uff0c\u5c07\u6b64\u4e3b\u984c\u8a73\u7d30\u64f4\u5927\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u70ba\u8981\u300c\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\u7d14\u6b63\u7684\u9053\u7406\u5c0e\u5f15\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u300d\uff08WA 6, 33\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    64 \u898b260 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    65 \u70ba\u4e86\u548c1519 \u5e74\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u77ed\u8ad6\uff08\u898bWA 6, 3-8\uff09\u76f8\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u8a73\u8ad6\uff08The Long Sermon on Usury\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u57281520 \u5e74\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u57281524 \u5e74\u9644\u5e36\u8457\u4e00\u4efd\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\u660e\uff08\u53c3\u770b308\uff5e310 \u9801\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u539f\u4f86\u5728 WA 6, 36-60 \u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

    66 1524 \u5e74\u53c3\u8003\u8def\u5fb7\u5217\u51fa\u300c\u56db\u7a2e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5f62\u5f0f\u300d\uff0c\u898b255\uff5e261 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    67 \u53c3\u898b256 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    68 \u4e9e\u62ff\u662f\u5927\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u90a3\u6642\u6c92\u6709\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u4ee5\u65e9\u5148\u6642\u4ee3\u53e4\u4eba\u8a17\u4eca\u7684\u982d\u929c\u3002<\/p>\n

    69 \u7d04\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u516b\u7ae022 \u7bc0\u4e26\u672a\u6307\u51fa\u97ad\u6253\u8036\u7a4c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u7d04\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u516b\u7ae010\u7bc0\u7684\u5f7c\u5f97\u5200\u528d\u4e0b\u7684\u50d5\u4eba\u99ac\u52d2\u53e4\u3002<\/p>\n

    70 \u6b77\u4ee3\u5fd7\u4e0b\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7ae022 \u7bc0\u5728\u6b66\u52a0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u5be6\u969b\u8b80\u70ba requirat \u800c\u975ejudicet\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5c07\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7948\u4f7f\u8a9e\u53e5\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u6a19\u6e96\u4fee\u8a02\u8b6f\u672c\uff08Revised Standard Version\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u201cMay\u2026\u2026\uff02\uff09\u8f49\u6210\u7c21\u55ae\u672a\u4f86\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

    71 \u53c3\u898b256 \u9801\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662fn. 31\u3002<\/p>\n

    72 Flowery\uff08\u82b1\u908a\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff08\u53c3\u8003277 \u9801\uff0cII. 14-15\uff09\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7279\u6b8a\u6642\u8208\u8a87\u5f35\u4fee\u8fad\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u985e\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u62c9\u59c6\u65af\u3001\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u99ac\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u6240\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u3002MA35, 418, n. 135, 40\u3002<\/p>\n

    73 Decret.Gratiani I, 1xiv, 6 \u77ef\u507d\u5730\u5538\u8457\u201cVim vi repullere licet\uff02\uff08\u300c\u5b83\u662f\u5bb9\u8a31\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u5c0d\u4ed8\u6b66\u529b\u300d\uff09\u9019\u500b\u77ef\u98fe\u51fa\u73fe\u5728Decretum Gratiani emendatum et notationibus illustratum una cum glossis (Paris, 1612), col. 365\u3002\u540c\u6642\u898bWA, Br 5, 261 n. 10\u3002<\/p>\n

    74 1532 \u5e74\u53c3\u898b Article 109 Constitutio criminalis Carolina \u70baMA35, 419, n. 136\u3002\u62c9\u6bd4\uff08Beruchhoth 58 \u548cSanhedrin\uff09\u8072\u7a31\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u885b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u6bba\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u8a72\u88ab\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u3002Wander ed., Sprichw\u00f6rter-Lexikon, III, 1064, \u201cNothwehr,\u201d No. 3\u3002<\/p>\n

    75 \u5728\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7684\u767b\u5c71\u5bf6\u8a13\u8a3b\u91cb\u4e2d\uff0cI, 19, 59 \u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u8aaa\uff1a\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e94\u7ae040 \u7bc0\u8981\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u898f\u7bc4\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u201cad praeparationem cordis, non ad ostentationem operis\uff02\uff08\u300c\u662f\u95dc\u4e4e\u5167\u5fc3\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5916\u5728\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n

    \u70ba\u300d\u3002\uff09MPL 34,1260\u3002Denis J. Kavanagh trans., Commentary on the Lord\u2019s Sermon on the Mount. FC3, 85\u3002\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u8ad6\u7a31\u4f5c\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u898b Karl Holl, op.cit., pp. 166-167\u3002<\/p>\n

    76 Officiales \u662f\u4e3b\u6559\u6cd5\u5ead\u88e1\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002<\/p>\n

    77 \u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u5f8c\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u81f4\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8cb4\u65cf\u7684\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\uff081520\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u51a4\u60c5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0cPE 2, 103-104\u3002<\/p>\n

    78 \u5fb7\u570b16 \u4e16\u7d00\u76841 \u91cc\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee34 \u53c81\uff0f2 \u82f1\u54e9\u3002LW 35, 292, n. 134\u3002<\/p>\n

    79 \u898b82 \u9801\uff0cn. 361\u3002<\/p>\n

    80 \u7576\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u4ed61522 \u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u7d04\uff0c\u8a6e\u91cb\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u66f8\u516d\u7ae04 \u7bc0\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u300a\u6b3d\u5b9a\u672c\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u300c\u6559\u6703\u6240\u8f15\u770b\u7684\u4eba\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u52301530 \u5e74\u5c0d\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6697\u6307\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u300a\u6a19\u6e96\u4fee\u8a02\u8b6f\u672c\u300b\u300c\u6559\u6703\u6240\u8f15\u770b\u7684\u4eba\u300d\uff09\uff0cWA, DB 7, 100-101\u3002<\/p>\n

    81 \u53c3\u770b\u5982\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u50b3\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae035 \u7bc0\uff1b\u7f85\u99ac\u66f8\u5341\u56db\u7ae01 \u7bc0\uff1b\u5341\u4e94\u7ae01 \u81f32\u7bc0\uff1b\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u66f8\u4e5d\u7ae022 \u7bc0\uff1b\u5e16\u6492\u7f85\u5c3c\u8fe6\u524d\u66f8\u4e94\u7ae014 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    82 \u7f85\u99ac\u66f8\u4e09\u7ae017 \u7bc0\u662f\u5f15\u81ea\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8\u4e94\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae08 \u7bc0\uff0c\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6b66\u52a0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5728\u8a69\u7bc7\u5341\u4e09\u7bc73 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u6821\u6b63\u904e\u4f86\u4e88\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u6389\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5fb7\u6587\u8a69\u7bc7\u7684\u5341\u56db\u7bc73 \u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea6\u505a\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7701\u7565\u3002WA, DB 101, 138-139\u3002<\/p>\n

    83 \u8def\u5fb7\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1 Holl, op.cit., pp. 263-265\u3002<\/p>\n

    84 \u6b64\u4e00\u7bb4\u8a00\u822c\u7684\u8868\u9054\u4fc2\u7de8\u7e82\u5728 Wander ed., Sprichw\u00f6rter-Lexikon, III, 1005~1006, \u201cNetz,\u201d Nos. 36, 607 \u548c Grimm, Deutches \u00f6rterbuch, VII, 636 \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

    85 \u53c3\u898b273 \u548c256 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    86 \u53c3\u898b\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u516d\u7ae010 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    87 \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6258\u7f3d\u50e7\u6559\u5718\u662f\u8056\u65b9\u6fdf\u6703\u3001\u8056\u591a\u660e\u5c3c\u514b\u6559\u6d3e\u3001\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u6703\u3001\u96b1\u58eb\u6703\u548c\u5361\u7c73\u723e\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u53c3\u95b1175 \u9801\uff0cn. 15 \u548cMA32, 399, n. 130, 21\u3002<\/p>\n

    88 \u898b\u8def\u5fb71523 \u5e74\u516c\u5171\u91d1\u5eab\u689d\u4f8b\u7684\u5c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u672c\u5377161\uff5e162 \u548c176 \u9801\uff0c\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u91d1\u5eab\u689d\u4f8b\u4e00\u6587185\uff5e186 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    89 \u53c3\u898b\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae031 \u81f346 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    90 \u898b275 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    91 \u9019\u662f\u7e7c Bonaventura \u5f8c\uff0cGabriel Biel \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0cHoll, op.cit., p. 167, n. 1\u3002<\/p>\n

    92 \u898b181 \u9801\uff0cn. 39\u3002<\/p>\n

    93 \u8d66\u7f6a\u5238\u572815 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u6559\u5b97\u7684\u7c3d\u7f72\u548c\u706b\u5370\u88dd\u98fe\u7cbe\u5fc3\u88fd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5929\u4e0a\u8d66\u7f6a\u7684\u6709\u5f62\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u300c\u8056\u7269\u300d\u7684\u92b7\u552e\uff0cSchwiebert., op.,cit., p. 305\u3002<\/p>\n

    94 \u70ba\u5efa\u9020\u7f85\u99ac\u8056\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u6559\u5802\u7684\u8d66\u7f6a\u5238\u92b7\u552e\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u64b0\u5beb\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u689d\u8ad6\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u5225\u572850 \u548c86 \u689d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u3002LW 31, 21, 30, 33\uff0c\u898bSchwiebert, op.,cit., p. 308\u3002<\/p>\n

    95 Kirchwey \u65e2\u662f\u737b\u5802\u5178\u79ae\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6176\u795d\u5100\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5438\u5f15\u5927\u6279\u7684\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u4f86\u89c0\u770b\u5c6c\u9748\u7684\u7bc0\u6176\u3002PE 2, 128, n. 1; PE 2, 95, n. 2\u3002<\/p>\n

    96 Jarmarckt \u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6240\u8209\u884c\u773e\u591a\u8cbf\u6613\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u5438\u5f15\u773e\u5546\u4eba\u5f9e\u8001\u9060\u8d95\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u6bcf\u5e74\u6975\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6279\u767c\u751f\u610f\u3002PE2, 95, n. 2\u3002<\/p>\n

    97 \u4f86\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b2c4 \u4e16\u7d00\u5229\u590f\u7c73\u62c9\uff08Myra\uff09\u5730\u5340\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u822a\u6d77\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u4ed6\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u572812 \u67086 \u65e5\u7684\u6176\u5178\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u8d08\u8207\u5b69\u5b50\u79ae\u7269\u7684\u7ce7\u5546\u3002Catholic Encyclopedia, XI, 63-64\u3002<\/p>\n

    98 Commissarien \u548c botschafften \u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u4e0a\u9762\u7372\u5f97\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u767c\u884c\u53ca\u92b7\u552e\u8d16\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002Hutten\uff08\u80e1\u85e4\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684 Vadiscus \u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6bd4\u64ec\u6559\u7687\u5927\u4f7f\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u7f85\u99ac\u8a69\u4eba\u5a01\u5409\u723e\uff08Publius Vergilius Maro\uff09\u7684\u7279\u6d1b\u4f0a\u7684\u6728\u99ac\uff08Opera 4, 230\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    99 \u4fc2\u57281519 \u5e7412 \u6708\u6240\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u57281520 \u5e74\u521d\u6436\u5148\u5728\u7121\u53ef\u514d\u7684\u6559\u7687\u5c0d\u8def\u5fb7\u8d16\u7f6a\u5238\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c07\u8fd16 \u500b\u6708\u4e88\u4ee5\u767c\u8868\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u4ee5\u6559\u7687\u6555\u4ee4Exsurge \u53ca Domine \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u57281520 \u5e746 \u6708\u6050\u5687\u8def\u5fb7\u5fc5\u9808\u516c\u958b\u64a4\u56de\u4ed6\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c07\u572860 \u5929\u5f8c\u5c07\u4ed6\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u6703\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u8def\u5fb7\u5c0d\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u6703\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8acb\u770b\u4ed6\u7684 Treatise Concerning the Ban\uff0c\u4fc2\u8207\u672c\u6587\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u540c\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002PE2, 37-54.<\/p>\n

    100 \u57281519 \u5e748 \u670829 \u65e5\u79d1\u9686\u5927\u5b78\u8b74\u8cac\u8def\u5fb7\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u662f\u7570\u7aef\u90aa\u8aaa\uff0c\u52301519 \u5e7412 \u67089 \u65e515 \u500b Louvain \u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u4ea6\u540c\u6a23\u8b74\u8cac\u8868\u614b\u3002Schwiebert, op.cit., pp. 427-431\u3002<\/p>\n

    101 Auff zierlichst\u3002<\/p>\n

    102 \u689d\u5e45\u662f\u53eb\u8ce3\u8ca9\u552e\u8d16\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u96a8\u8eab\u914d\u98fe\u3002CL 1, 237, n. 5\u3002<\/p>\n

    103 \u5728\u4ed6\u767c\u8868\u81f4\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8cb4\u65cf\u7684\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8aee\u8a62\u5927\u6703\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u3002\uff081520\uff09PE 2, 76-79\u3002<\/p>\n

    104 \u898b281\uff5e282 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    105 \u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5ca1\u6ce2\u7b2c\u62ff\u8056\u5730\u7259\u54e5\u7684\u795e\u9f95\uff0c\u64ec\u70ba\u96c5\u5404\u53d7\u6b7b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u6700\u70ba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u671d\u8056\u8056\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002LW 31, 198, n. 73; LW 35, 10, n.5\u3002<\/p>\n

    106 \u9019\u662f1518 \u5e74\u57c3\u514b\uff08Johann Eck\uff09\u5728\u65b9\u5c16\u5854\uff08Obelisks\uff09\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4ed6\u6975\u529b\u53cd\u99c1\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u300c\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u689d\u300d\u3002\u591a\u746a\u65af\uff08Thomas\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u5ba3\u544a\u65bd\u6368\u51fa\u53bb\u7d66\u6700\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u201cin extrema necessitate\uff02\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u65bc\u8aee\u8a62\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff08\u898b82 \u9801\uff0cn. 6\uff09\u3002Holl, op.cit., p. 166, n. 1\u3002<\/p>\n

    107 \u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\u547d\u4ee4\u52a0\u6dfb\u4ee4\u4eba\u53ad\u60e1\u7684\u9069\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

    108 \u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e03\u7ae012 \u7bc0\u53ca\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u516d\u7ae031 \u7bc0\u9019\u53e5\u7d93\u6587\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u91cd\u8986\u5730\u5f15\u7528\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u898b127 \u9801\uff0cn. 117\u3002<\/p>\n

    109 \u64c1\u6709\u8056\u5f92\u7684\u907a\u7269\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6210\u70ba\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a81\u986f\u4e00\u500b\u6559\u6703\u7279\u6b8a\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5438\u5f15\u4e00\u822c\u671d\u8056\u8005\u7684\u5730\u7406\u6a19\u5e5f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u9858\u610f\u82b1\u7b46\u5927\u9322\uff0c\u5c07\u5df2\u901d\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u6b0a\u8cb4\u8ffd\u5c01\u70ba\u8056\u5f92\u3002\u53c3\u770b\u8def\u5fb7\u57281520 \u5e746 \u6708\u7684\u81f4\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8cb4\u65cf\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\uff08PE 2, 131-132\uff09\u548c\u80e1\u85e4\u57281520 \u5e744 \u6708\u5c0d\u7f85\u99ac\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u82e6\u8aeb\u201cVadiscus\uff02\uff08Opera 4, 232\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    110 \u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5e5f\u724c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u9ed1\u8272\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u767d\u8272\u62ac\u5e03\uff0c\u6a19\u5e5f\u8457\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\uff1b\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u7531\u7f85\u99ac\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u7267\u5834\u7684\u7f8a\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8a\u6bdb\u6240\u7de8\u7e54\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6559\u7687\u80fd\u5920\u9812\u7d66\u3002\u6388\u4e88\u9019\u7a2e\u5e03\u724c\u62ac\u5e03\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u7fd2\u4fd7\uff1b\u8cb4\u52fe\u5229\u4e00\u4e16\uff08590\uff5e604 \u5e74\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u7a31\u547c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53e4\u8001\u7fd2\u4fd7\u3002\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u51782. Decreti Magistri Gratiani Prima Pars, dis.C. Corpus Iuris Canonici, I, col. 352\u3002\u5728\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u51781 \u4e2d\u660e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u9078\u4efb\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u9078\u5f8c3 \u500b\u6708\u5167\u5f97\u5230\u4f86\u81ea\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u5e5f\u724c\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u3002Ibid\u3002\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u6642\u4ee3\u5927\u91cf\u82b1\u8cbb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9700\u7d221 \u842c\u57fa\u723e\u5fb7\u9280\u5e63\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5e5f\u724c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u539f\u521d\u90a3\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6885\u56e0\u8332\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u963f\u8c9d\u7279\uff08Abert\uff09\u66fe\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e5f\u724c\u50f9\u78bc\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8981\u8ddf\u6559\u5b97\u5229\u5967\u5341\u4e16\u8a0e\u50f9\u9084\u50f9\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5bcc\u683c\u878d\u8cc7\u96c6\u5718\u7d66\u4e88\u4ed6\u8ca1\u52d9\u878d\u901a\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8981\u62da\u547d\u92b7\u552e\u5c0d\u8def\u5fb7\u4f86\u8b1b\u5177\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u8d16\u7f6a\u5238\u3002PE 2, 89, n. 3\u3002Schwiebert, op.cit., pp.306-38\u3002\u80e1\u85e4\u5728\u4ed6\u7684Vadiscus \u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ea6\u8ac7\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5e5f\u724c\uff0c\u548c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5b83\u7684\u8af8\u822c\u5229\u76ca\u4e2d\u5bcc\u683c\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08Opera 4, 199 \u548c158\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    111 Jarmarck \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u5632\u5f04\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1b\u898b285 \u9801\uff0cn. 97\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5e38\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u8cb6\u6291\u4e4b\u8a5e\u5f62\u5bb9\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0a\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6b3a\u9a19\u884c\u70ba\u3002Grimm, Deutches W\u00f6rterbuch, IV2, 2246\u3002<\/p>\n

    112 \u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5c07\u6559\u7687\u7b49\u540c\u662f\u6575\u57fa\u7763\u4e00\u7bc0\uff0c\u898b60 \u9801\uff0cn. 8\u3002<\/p>\n

    113 \u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u66f8\u5341\u4e00\u7ae043\u300139 \u7bc0\u5f15\u55bb\u662f\u8aaa\u6575\u57fa\u7763\u7a4d\u805a\u8ca1\u5bf6\u3002<\/p>\n

    114 \u6839\u64da\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u7c73\u862d\u7684\u5b89\u535a\u65af\u4e3b\u6559\uff08340\uff5e397 \u5e74\uff09\u4ee5\u878d\u5316\u6559\u6703\u7684\u9ec3\u91d1\u5546\u54c1\u8d16\u56de\u88ab\u54e5\u5fb7\u65cf\u6240\u64c4\u53bb\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e9e\u5229\u5b89\u8cac\u5099\u893b\u7006\u795e\u8056\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u6559\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u9ec3\u91d1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4fdd\u5b58\u8457\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u300dHerbert Thurston and Donald Attwater eds. Butler\u2019s Lives of the Saints (4 vols.; NewYork: Kenedy, 1956), IV, 510-511\u3002<\/p>\n

    115 \u8afe\u62c9\uff08Nola\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u4fdd\u7f85\u6797\u65af\uff08354\uff5e431 \u5e74\uff09\u662f\u4ee5\u6148\u60e0\u8457\u7a31\u3002\u5728\u7d66\u8056\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u64b0\u5beb\u8056\u5b89\u535a\u65af\u4e3b\u6559\u751f\u5e73\u4e00\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002The Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine, I, 25\u3002<\/p>\n

    116 \u8056\u79ae\u5323\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u8056\u79ae\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5982\u5c0a\u8056\u7684\u7121\u9175\u9905\u4e43\u662f\u986f\u793a\u5d07\u62dc\u6642\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002LW 35, 97, n. 30\u3002<\/p>\n

    117 \u898b 273\u3001256\uff5e259 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    118 \u8ad6\u5229\u5f97 zinss \u898b234\uff5e238 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    119 \u898b82 \u9801\uff0cn. 6\u3002<\/p>\n

    120 \u7d93\u9662\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u81f4\u8b74\u8cac\u50cf\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u822c\u5229\u606f\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5340\u5206\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u4e86\u7e5e\u904e\u5c0d\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u6975\u5ea6\u7684\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u6240\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5408\u7d04\u6a23\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee5\u975e\u501f\u8cb8\u578b\u5f0f\u800c\u662f\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u7372\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

    121 \u770b282 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    122 \u770b284\uff5e285 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    123 \u770b287\uff5e288 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    124 \u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u3001\u5b89\u535a\u65af\u548c\u8036\u67d4\u7c73\u5982\u662f\u8a6e\u91cb\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u516d\u7ae035 \u7bc0\u3002Neumann, op.cit., p. 5.<\/p>\n

    125 \u53c3\u770b Gabriel Biel \u5728 MA35, 421, n.146, 9 \u4e2d\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7533\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

    126 \u770b\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e94\u7ae044\u300142 \u7bc0\uff1b\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u516d\u7ae027 \u81f335 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    127 \u770b283 \u9801\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662fn. 92\u3002<\/p>\n

    128 \u770b282\uff5e283\u3001287\uff5e288 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    129 \u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u8a31\u591a\u501f\u8cb8\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u767c\u751f\u5728\u738b\u5ba4\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u501f\u8cb8\uff0c\u88ab\u6388\u6b0a\u4e0d\u53d7\u516c\u5171\u6307\u8cac\uff0c\u662f\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u50b5\u4e3b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u51fa\u81ea\u50b5\u52d9\u4eba\u6240\u671f\u76fc\u7684\u6069\u60e0\uff0c\u7d93\u9662\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53d7\u8b74\u8cac\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002Noonan, op.cit., pp.104-105\u3002<\/p>\n

    130 \u898b287 \u9801\uff0cn. 109\u3002<\/p>\n

    131 \u53c3\u898b\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u66f8\u5341\u4e09\u7ae05 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    132 \u53c3\u898b\u7f85\u99ac\u66f8\u5341\u56db\u7ae017 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    133 \u898b298 \u9801\uff0cn. 145\u3002<\/p>\n

    134 \u898b 256\u3001273\u3001280 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    135 \u53c3\u898b\u7533\u547d\u8a18\u4e94\u7ae029 \u7bc0\uff1b\u516d\u7ae02 \u7bc0\uff1b\u50b3\u9053\u66f8\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae013 \u7bc0\uff1b\u7d04\u7ff0\u4e00\u66f8\u4e94\u7ae02 \u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

    136 \u898b273 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    137 \u53c3\u898b259\uff5e261 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    138 Handeln \u9019\u88e1\u610f\u601d\u662f \u00fcberweisen\u3002CL 3, 35, n.31\u3002<\/p>\n

    139 \u5c0d\u65bc Zinskauf \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8acb\u770b\u672c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5c0e\u8ad6\uff0c234\uff5e238 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    140 Zinkauf \u662f\u572814\u300115 \u4e16\u7d00\u9010\u6f38\u81ea\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u523012\u300113 \u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5f9eRentenkauff \u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002Neumann, op.cit., pp. 212-292\u3002\u898b\u4ee5\u4e0b307 \u9801\u53ca\u4e00\u5c01\u300c\u81f4\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8cb4\u65cf\u7684\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\u300d\uff081520\uff09, PE2, 159\uff0c\u90a3\u88e1\u8def\u5fb7\u6307\u51fa\u6709\u300c\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u300d\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u5f9e1425 \u5e74\u6559\u7687\u99ac\u4e01\u4e94\u4e16\u9812\u5e03\u5236\u88c1 Rentenkauff \u7684\u8aed\u65e8\u8a08\u7b97\u8d77\u3002Walter E. Kohler, Die Quellen zu Luthers Schrift \u2018An den chrislichen Adel Deutscher Nation (Halle: Waisenhaus, 1895), p.238\u3002<\/p>\n

    141 \u9019\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5341\u4e8c\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4e94\u500b\u6b21\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

    142 \u8cb7\u8ce3\u92b7\u552e\u5408\u7d04\u4e2d\u5229\u606f\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u662f\u5728\u6559\u5b97\u99ac\u4e01\u4e94\u4e16\uff08\u898b295\u9801\uff0cn.141\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u70ba\u6559\u5b97\u5361\u529b\u5716\u4e09\u4e16\u65bc1455 \u5e74\u518d\u4e88\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002\u5169\u4ef6\u8aed\u4ee4\u5747\u878d\u5165\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u5178\uff1a Extrav. comm. lib. iii, tit.V, 1-2.\u3002Corpus Iuris Canonici, II, cols. 1269-1272\u3002\u6559\u5b97\u99ac\u4e01\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u5e03\u5217\u7d22\u4e3b\u6559\u8f44\u5340\u4e00\u4ef6\u7279\u5225\u6848\u4ef6\uff1b\u5b83\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u7372\u53d6\u7279\u5225\u540d\u7fa9\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u800c\u9644\u5e36\u8457\u7531\u50b5\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u88c1\u6c7a\u7121\u8ad6\u4f55\u6642\u5747\u5b8c\u5168\u8d66\u514d\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5236\u88c1\uff0ca contractus emptionis et venditionis. MA35, 422, n. 151, 1\u3002<\/p>\n

    143 Geytzige blassen\uff0c\u53c3\u898b85 \u9801\uff0cn. 15\u3002<\/p>\n

    144 \u7f85\u99ac\u6cd5\u7406\u5b78\u9662\u4ee5\u53ca\u7e7c\u800c\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u5178\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u5229\u5dee\u300d\uff08quod interest\uff09\uff08\u6587\u5b57\u4e0a\u610f\u601d\u70ba\u9032\u51fa\u5dee\u50f9\uff09\u2014\u70baLaurentius Hispanus \u6240\u5f15\u9032\u55ae\u4e00\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u5229\u606f\uff08interesse\uff09\uff0c\u7d04\u57281220 \u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\uff08usura\uff09\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u5c6c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\uff08usura\uff09\u662f\u5c0d\u8cb8\u6b3e\u7684\u7279\u5225\u7d66\u4ed8\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5229\u606f\uff08interesse\uff09\u5247\u56e0\u5c6c\u5408\u7d04\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u65b9\u6bc0\u7d04\u6240\u7d66\u7684\u4ed8\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u5bb9\u8a31\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u88dc\u511f\u884c\u70ba\u3002Noonan, op.cit., p. 106\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u4fc2\u5f9e\u8d77\u521d\u7531\u8cb8\u6b3e\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u4e59\u7bc0\uff0c\u662f\u81ea14 \u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u56e0\u501f\u8ca8\u7d50\u679c\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e4bdamnum emergens\uff08\u640d\u5931\u6216\u767c\u751f\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff09\u53ca lucrum cessans\uff08\u5229\u6f64\u53eb\u505c\u6216\u640d\u5931\uff09\u540d\u7a31\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u5b97\u6559\u6cd5\u5178\u5bb6\u548c\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff1b\u7522\u751f\u6b64\u65b0\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4e3b\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u8981\u53bb\u5be9\u8b70\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u8af8\u57ce\u90a6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9700\u8981\u800c\u4f86\u3002Ibid., pp. 115, 121\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9081\u5411\u6b63\u5f0f\u6838\u51c6\u5229\u606f\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u5b97\u5229\u5967\u5341\u4e16\u57281516 \u5e74\u7b2c5\u6b21Lateran \u6703\u8b70\u6240\u9812\u5e03\u7684\u8aed\u4ee4 Inter multiplices\u3002\u514b\u670d\u8056\u591a\u660e\u5c3c\u6d3e\u53ca\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u6d3e\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u5927\u6703\u901a\u904e\u5236\u88c1\u4e86 monte pietatis\uff08\u656c\u8654\u7684\u5634\uff09\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4f4e\u5229\u606f\u516c\u958b\u7576\u8216\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\u6703\u6240\u652f\u6301\u64c1\u8b77\u548c\u4fc3\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u7aae\u82e6\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ee5\u6297\u8861\u771f\u6b63\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u501f\u8cb8\u8005\u4e4b\u9ad8\u5229\u606f\u7684\u76e4\u525d\u3002Ibid., pp. 299-300\u3002<\/p>\n

    145 \u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u7f85\u99ac\u6cd5\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u91d1\u9322\u7684\u7121\u7528\u6027\uff08\u898b233\u9801\uff0cn. 1\uff09\u65bc1180 \u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u898f\uff0c\u5c07\u7b2c5 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684 Palea\u3001Ejiciens\u878d\u5165\u3002Decreti Prima Pars, dist. LXXXVIII, can.11\u3002Corpus Iuris Canonini, I, col. 309\u3002\u8207\u5c0d\u98a8\u96aa\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5224\u6e96\uff08\u898b304 \u9801\uff0cn. 150\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9019\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5169\u500b\u652f\u67f1\u3002Noonan, op.cit., p. 202\u3002\u5f9e\u4e9e\u594e\u90a3\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u5c0d\u9322\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u51fa\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4ee5\u5916\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\uff0c\u91d1\u9322\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u8cb8\u6b3e\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u751f\u7522\uff08\u5229\u76ca\uff09\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u3002Ibid., pp. 54-56\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u91d1\u9322\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u96b1\u542b\u5728 Thomas \u7684 Summa \u53caSentences \u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u76f4\u523016 \u4e16\u7d00\u5609\u8036\u7576\uff08Cajetan\uff09\u6709\u689d\u4ef6\u5730\u8b77\u885b\u8b1b\u8ff0Lucrum cessans\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u3002Ibid., pp.110, 252-255\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u4ed61542\u5e74\u684c\u908a\u8ac7\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u91d1\u9322\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7522\u751f\u7528\u8655\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002WA, TR 5,146\u3002<\/p>\n

    146 \u6b64\u4e00\u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u8868\u9054\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u92b7\u552e\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

    147 \u9996\u5148\u5728\u4ee5\u5730\u7522\u70ba\u8cea\u548c\u7d81\u4f4f\u7279\u5b9a\u7522\u696d\u7684\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u500b\u4eba\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\u7d81\u4f4f\u50b5\u52d9\u4eba\u7684\u52de\u52d9\u511f\u9084\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8ca1\u8ca8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u7d81\u4f4f\u8ce3\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ca1\u8ca8\u3002\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u8ce3\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u793e\u5718\uff0c\u5c31\u793e\u5718\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u672a\u4f86\u7a05\u6536\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed8\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u5b97\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af\u4e94\u4e16\u57281452 \u5e74\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u5408\u7d04\u4e88\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002Noonan, op.cit., pp. 159-161\u3002<\/p>\n

    148 \u9019\u662f cavent emptor \u7684\u53e4\u6642\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n

    149 \u8207\u91d1\u9322\u7684\u7121\u7528\u6027\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u898b299 \u9801\uff0cn. 146\uff09\uff0c\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5373\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ea6\u4e88\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u69cb\u6210\u5c0d\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u5b78\u9662\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5169\u500b\u652f\u67f1\u3002Noonan, op.cit., pp. 202-203\u3002\u63a5\u53d7\u4fdd\u96aa\u548c\u4e09\u65b9\u5408\u7d04\uff08\u898b252 \u9801\uff0cn. 22\uff09\u610f\u5473\u8457\u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\u4efb\u4f55\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u3001\u7121\u98a8\u96aa\u8f49\u79fb\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u8996\u70ba\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\uff0c\u800c\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u767c\u751f\u8ca1\u7522\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u7684\u8868\u5fb5\u3002Noonan, op.cit., pp. 81, 151-152,299\u3002<\/p>\n

    150 \u898b234\uff5e238 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    151 \u7576\u516c\u958b\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u6536\u53d6\u5f9e\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u768432.5% \u523043.5% \u7684\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u65e5\u7f8e\u570b\u5546\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5c0f\u984d\u8cb8\u6b3e\uff0cmontes pietatis\uff08\u656c\u8654\u7684\u5634\uff0c\u898b298\u9801\uff0cn. 145\uff09\u81ea\u6559\u5b97\u4fdd\u797f\u4e8c\u4e161467 \u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u6559\u5b97\u6838\u53ef\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u7fd2\u6163\u4e0a\u6536\u53d6\u76846% \u7684\uff08\u5229\u606f\uff09\u8cbb\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u8cc7\u672c\u652f\u51fa\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u591a\u4ed8\u51fa4% \u81f36% \u7684\u91d1\u9322\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u5f0f\u88ab\u6559\u5b97\u4fdd\u797f\u4e09\u4e16\u65bc1542 \u5e74\u9996\u5148\u6838\u51c6\u3002Noonan, op.cit., pp. 295, 258, and p. 34, n. 83\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u66fe\u8a93\u8a00\u6575\u5c0d\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u537b\u7acb\u523b\u5c07\u4e4b\u711a\u71d2\uff08\u898bLW 31,381\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u8457\u4ed6\u6b63\u7fa9\u611f\u7684\u8ec0\u4f7f\uff0c\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u4e3b\u5f35\u6559\u6703\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u78ba\u947f\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u8a6d\u8faf\u4eba\u58eb\u4ee5\u5439\u6bdb\u6c42\u75b5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u7e5e\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8a93\u8a00\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u3002BG 7, 501\u3002<\/p>\n

    152 \u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u5e36\u67095% \u7684\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u662f\u672c\u8eab\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u70baJohann Eck \u6240\u8b77\u885b\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u898b252 \u9801\uff0cn. 22\u3002<\/p>\n

    153 \u898b\u8def\u5fb7\u5c0d\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e94\u7ae040\u300142 \u7bc0\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u898b273\uff5e295\u3001255\uff5e161\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    154 \u8def\u5fb7\u57281542 \u5e746 \u670814 \u65e5\u7684\u3008\u684c\u908a\u8ac7\u8a71\u3009\uff08Table Talk\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u7269\u50f9\u4e0a\u6f32\u7684\u7de3\u6545\u5bb9\u8a31\u5229\u606f\u4e0a\u5347\u52307%\u3002WA, TR 5, 147\u3002<\/p>\n

    155 \u898b255 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    156 \u898b\u5f8c\u4f86\uff081524\uff09\u8def\u5fb7\u5f15\u7528\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u4e00\u7ae041 \u7bc0\uff0c259 \u9801\uff1b\u53c3\u898bn.38\u3002\u4ed6\u5c07\u4e4b\u6b78\u5c6c\u6240\u7f85\u9580\u7684\u8a71\u662f\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u591a\u6bd4\u50b3\u56db\u7ae07 \u7bc0\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

    157 \u898b\u672c\u66f8117\uff5e130 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    158 \u52d5\u6a5f\u5e38\u662f\u7d93\u9662\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5224\u6e96\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u8cb8\u6b3e\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u6148\u60e0\u548c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u4e0b\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u71df\u5229\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff1b\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u7f6a\uff0c\u548c\u5916\u986f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u5340\u5225\u3002\u6148\u60e0\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u7d93\u9662\u6d3e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u662f\u5341\u5206\u95dc\u9375\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c0e\u81f4\u6700\u7d42\u627f\u8a8d\u5404\u7a2e\u7e5e\u904e\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7981\u5236\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5982 lucrum cessans\uff08\u898b298 \u9801\uff0cn. 145\uff0c\u548c299 \u9801\uff0cn. 146\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8005\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8cb7\u9322\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8cb7\u9322\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0cSummenhart \u5c07\u5229\u5f97\u5408\u7d04\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002\u81ea16 \u4e16\u7d00\u5609\u8036\u7576\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7d93\u9662\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u5426\u8a8d\u6148\u60e0\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7c21\u55ae\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6295\u8cc7\u4eba\u6216\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u5f9e\u5408\u7d04\u4e2d\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6f64\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u5408\u7d04\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8aa0\u5be6\u800c\u4e26\u975e\u8caa\u5a6a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u7d93\u6fdf\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\u5728\u9762\u984d\u4e0a\u986f\u793a\u8cb8\u6b3e\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4ea6\u57fa\u65bc\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u542b\u84c4\u548c\u52d5\u6a5f\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u8a8d\u5c6c\u5408\u5b9c\u3002Noonan, op.cit., pp. 32-33, 233-234, 252-255, 269-279\u3002<\/p>\n

    159 \u8def\u5fb71520 \u5e74\u8ad6\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u7d50\u675f\u3002\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u88dc\u8ff0\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u662f\u57281524 \u5e74\u70ba\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u300c\u8ad6\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u300d\u800c\u9644\u52a0\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u898b273 \u9801\uff0cn. 65\u3002\u9019\u500b\u88dc\u8ff0\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u662f\u6839\u64da PE 4, 67\uff5e69 \u7248\u672c\uff0c\u51fa\u81ea\u539f\u4f86 WA 15, 321\uff5e322\u3002<\/p>\n

    160 \u8def\u5fb7\u4ee5 stul reuber \u8b1b\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5750\u5728\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u5f37\u76dc\u3002\u5728\u4ed61529 \u5e74\u7684 Large Catechism\uff08\u898bTappert, op.cit., p. 396, n. 9\uff09\u548c1540 \u5e74\u518d\u5ea6\u5728\u201cAdmonition to the Clergy, That They Preach AgainstUsury\uff02\uff08WA 51, 361\uff09\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u5f9e Stuhl\uff08\u8fa6\u516c\u5ea7\u4f4dstool\uff09\u53caR\u00e4uber\uff08\u5f37\u76dcrobber\uff09\u4e8c\u5b57\u6e90\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u672c\u7bc7 WA \u8457\u4f5c\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\u76ae\u8332\uff08Pietsch \u535a\u58eb\uff09\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8def\u5fb7\u932f\u628a\u8a72\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5fb7\u8a9e\u7684 St\u00f6l\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6709\u5229\u606f\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u501f\u8cb8\uff0c\u800cStolrover \u5247\u662f\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u8005\u8a50\u53d6\u5229\u606f\u7684\u5f37\u76dc\u884c\u70ba\u3002WA 15, 321, n. 1\u3002<\/p>\n

    161 \u53c3\u898b\u8def\u5fb7\u7d04\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\u5728\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u6469\u897f\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5341\u4e00\u5949\u737b\u548c\u79a7\u5e74\u539f\u5247\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8a72\u670d\u81ba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u9075\u5faa\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u9435\u5f8b\u3002LW 35, 166-167\u3002<\/p>\n

    162 \u898b295 \u9801\uff0cn. 141\u3002<\/p>\n

    163 1522 \u548c1524 \u5e74\u7684\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u63a1\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u63aa\u65bd\u6709\u6548\u5c0d\u4ed8\u58df\u65b7\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u8def\u5fb71524 \u5e74\u64b0\u5beb\u672c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u898b\u5f15\u8a00\uff0c241\uff5e242 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

    \uff08\u8f49\u8f09\u8acb\u8a3b\u660e\u51fa\u8655\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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