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\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u9078\u64c7\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u65e2\u8003\u616e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u95dc\u5fc3\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u2014\u2014\u8fd1\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u9060\u5230\u6d77\u5730\u4e00\u500b\u6751\u838a\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u5e6b\u52a9\u5c45\u6c11\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6148\u5584\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u7f8e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u548c\u667a\u6167\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u9060\u9060\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u7269\u8cea\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u9760\u975e\u5e38\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7522\u696d\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u55ae\u62ff\uff08Peter Danner\uff09\u57281995\u5e74\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><em>[<\/em><em>\u90a3\u4e9b\u7522\u696d<\/em><em>]<\/em><em>\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u548c\u4e0d\u65b7\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u2026\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[<\/em><em>\u5305\u62ec<\/em><em>]<\/em><em>\u5f88\u591a\u6559\u80b2\u8a08\u756b\u3001\u63a5\u5f85\u7121\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u7121\u6578\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u6f14\u51fa\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u88fd\u4f5c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u9020\u5546\u696d\u7528\u548c\u795e\u8077\u7528\u7684\u6bbf\u5802\u3002\uff08\u7b2c<\/em><em>30<\/em><em>\u9801\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5e02\u5834\u8fce\u5408\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><em>\u793e\u6703\u672c\u80fd\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u50cf\u53cb\u5584\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff1b\u53cd\u9762\u7684\u6575\u610f\u3001\u5ac9\u5992\u548c\u6f20\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u90fd\u9a45\u4f7f<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4eba\u5011\u8cb7\u548c\u8ce3\u3002\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u8072\u671b\u3001\u540d\u8072\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u7f8e\u548c\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u76ee\u6a19\u90fd\u662f\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u6211\u5011\u751f\u7522\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3001\u4ea4\u63db\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\uff08\u7b2c<\/em><em>30<\/em><em>\u9801\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5118 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\u8b58\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u5f88\u6a02\u610f\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u66f8\u8cbb\u3001\u5b78\u8cbb\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4fee\u990a\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5efa\u8b70\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6536\u5165\u90fd\u82b1\u5728 \u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5a1b\u6a02\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u9b4f\u4f2f\u502b\uff08Thorstein Veblen\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u6279\u8a55\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d88\u8cbb\u7fd2\u6163\u3002\u4ed6\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u8a5e\uff0c\u300c\u70ab\u8000\u6d88\u8cbb\u300d\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u5011\u8cfc\u8cb7\u6700\u6602\u8cb4\u548c\u6700\u83ef\u9e97\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5f70\u986f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7fa1\u6155\u548c\u5992\u5fcc\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u72c2\u4e82\u7684\u7f6a\u6027\u5728\u4f5c\u602a\uff08\u52a0\u62c9\u592a\u66f85\uff1a19-21\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa 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\u793e\u5718\u7d44\u7e54\u5230\u9054\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1999\u5e74\u5e03\u5e0c\u7af6\u9078\u7e3d\u7d71\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u4ee5\u4fe1\u4ef0\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u958b\u5275\u300d\u3002\u5e03\u840a\u514b(Black)\u3001\u9867\u666e\u66fc(Koopman)\u548c\u96f7\u9813(Ryden)\uff082004\u5e74\uff09\u5c0d \u570d\u7e5e\u9019\u7a2e\u958b\u5275\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7d66\u4e88\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4f46\u5e03\u5e0c\u627f\u8afe\u8981\u958b\u5275\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\u4f86\u52a0\u5f37\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u85c9\u8457\u79c1\u4eba\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b97\u6559\u7d44\u7e54\uff09\u8cc7\u52a9\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u670d\u52d9\u7684 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\u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u88e1\uff0c\u5c07\u89e3\u91cb\u5e02\u5834\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u4e86\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u597d\u8655\u800c\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u59c6\u548c\u65af\u6c83\u7279\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9059\u9060\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u76f8\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08\u5373\u6c92\u6709\u8ca0\u64d4\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff09\uff0c \u5e02\u5834\u5c31\u88ab\u4f5c\u70ba\u5f15\u5c0e\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4f86\u7528\u65bc\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u69ae\u8000\u800c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ad9\u662f\u897f\u5bc6\u6839\u5dde\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u525b\u525b\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u99ac\u65af\u57fa\u6839\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6728\u6750\u5c0f\u93ae\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f \u5f88\u7e41\u69ae\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u897f\u5bc6\u6839\u6728\u6750\u751f\u610f\u8b93\u4f4d\u7d66\u50a2\u4ff1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7522\u696d\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u518d\u6b21\u4eab\u53d7\u548c\u5e73\u6642\u5149\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u6e56\u5cb8\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5011\u6700\u521d\u9760\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u6728\u6750\u8ca1\u4e3b\u7684\u8cc7\u52a9\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e86\u5168\u570b\u7684\u5c0a \u656c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u597d\u7684\u6642\u5149\u548c\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u672a\u4f86\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u5c55\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u524d\u9762\u7684\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u570d\u6b04\u3001\u7da0\u8349\u5730\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u6703\u690d\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u6750\u6599\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u5bb6\u5177\u5c07\u53d6\u4ee3\u6728\u88fd\u5bb6\u5177\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5bb6\u5177\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u9069\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u9ad4\u578b\u548c\u6b3e\u5f0f\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8a31\u591a\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u7246\u58c1\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4e5f\u88ab\u6253\u901a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700 \u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u7684\u9444\u9020\u5ee0\u548c\u5c0f\u578b\u5bb6\u5177\u4f01\u696d\u90fd\u6703\u95dc\u9589\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7236\u8f29\u96e3\u904e\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u4e0d\u518d\u5e0c\u671b\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u5f9e\u4e8b\u53ea\u6709\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5b78\u4f4d\u6216\u66f4\u4f4e\u5b78\u6b77\u7684\u8077\u696d\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u53d7\u66f4\u591a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5152 \u5b50\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u5728\u9060\u81f3\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u92b7\u552e\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u5bb6\u5177\u3002\u7684\u78ba\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8f29\u5728\u4e0d\u96e2\u958b\u897f\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4e5f\u6703\u505a\u9019\u4e9b\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u65b0\u7684\u751f \u6daf\uff0c\u9019\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7d66\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u8ffd\u5c0b\u5922\u60f3\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5973\u5152\u5011\u4e5f\u5728\u7576\u5730\u9032\u5165\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u6210\u5c31\u6703\u8d85\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u5011\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f9e\u5bb6\u9109\u7684\u4e92 \u806f\u7db2\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/mypaper.pchome.com.tw\/panel\/article_add#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u756b\u9762\u8b1b\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u5c0d\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u6beb\u7121\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u80c3\u53e3\u548c\u6557\u58de\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8c6a\u83ef\u5bb6\u5177\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u8ab0\u300c\u9700\u8981\u300d\u4e00\u628a\u4f9d\u7167\u4eba\u9ad4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u8fa6\u516c\u6905\u5462\uff1f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5973\u5152\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u6a02\u65bc\u5f85\u5728\u5bb6\u88e1\u505a\u5abd\u5abd\u3002\u5018\u82e51950\u5e74\u4ee3\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6559\u6703\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u66f4\u5bcc\u88d5\u8c48\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a66\u63a2\u55ce\uff1f\u4eca\u5929\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u589e\u9577\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u53c8\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ef\u4ee5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7576\u5730\u7684\u7269\u7522\u3001\u5728\u800c\u51ac\u5929\u8cb7\u7f50\u982d\u98df\u54c1\u6642\uff0c\u8ab0\u9700\u8981\u975e\u7576\u5b63\u7684\u65b0\u9bae\u852c\u83dc\uff1f\u8ab0\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u73a9\u5177DVD\u6216\u8005\u8dd1\u5230\u8fea\u58eb\u5c3c\u4e16\u754c\u53bb\u73a9\uff1f\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u4e0d\u6b63\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u50b3\u9054\u5a92\u4ecb\u55ce\uff1f\u5176\u4ee3\u50f9\u5c31\u662f\u7f6e\u63db\u7576\u5730\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u64d4\u5fc3\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u95dc\u5207\u571f\u5730\u7dad\u6301\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u8d8a\u767c\u589e\u5f37\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5730\u7403\u5728\u6211\u5011\u611a\u8822\u7684\u91cd\u58d3\u4e0b\u547b\u541f\u300d\uff08\u535a\u99ac-\u666e\u96f7\u8482\u683c\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5c07\u73fe\u6709\u6536\u5165\u505a\u66f4\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5206\u914d\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u897f\u65b9\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u4e26\u7d66\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff08\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8207\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u745e\u5178\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u5bb6\u9686\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Bjorn Lomborg\uff0c2001\u5e74\uff09\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7834\u58de\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u800c\u7522\u751f\u60b2\u89c0\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d55\u5999\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u8017\u76e1\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u4eba\u5747\u7ce7\u98df\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6328\u9913\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u5728<\/em><em>1900<\/em><em>\u5e74\u4eba\u985e\u5e73\u5747\u58fd\u547d\u662f<\/em><em>30<\/em><em>\u6b72\uff1b\u800c\u4eca\u5929\u662f<\/em><em>67<\/em><em>\u6b72\uff08\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u5e73\u5747\u6578\uff09\u3002\u6839\u64da\u806f\u5408\u570b\u8cc7\u6599\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb<\/em><em>50<\/em><em>\u5e74\u88e1\u6e1b\u5c11\u7684\u8ca7\u56f0\u6bd4\u4e4b\u524d<\/em><em>500<\/em><em>\u5e74\u88e1\u9084\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5728\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7a2e\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c11\u4e86<\/em><em>25-50%<\/em><em>\uff0c \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u4e86<\/em><em>0.7%<\/em><em>\u3002\u9178\u96e8\u6c92\u6709\u627c\u6bba\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5468\u570d\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u548c\u6c34\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c11\u5730\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\uff08\u7b2c<\/em><em>4<\/em><em>\u9801\uff09\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u5929\u6c92\u584c\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u9686\u4f2f\u683c\u53c8\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u60c5\u6cc1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8a72\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u7ce7\u98df\u60c5\u6cc1\u5df2\u5927\u5927\u5730\u6539\u5584\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5728<\/em><em>2010<\/em><em>\u5e74\u4ecd\u7136\u6709<\/em><em>68<\/em><em>\u5104\u4eba\u5728\u6328\u9913\uff0c\u9019\u986f\u7136\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\u597d\u3002\u5340\u5206\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7576\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u597d\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u898f\u5283\u7f8e\u666f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6328\u9913\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5c11\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u60c5\u6cc1\u6709\u6539\u5584\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u8655\u65bc\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8ecc\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5920\u5feb\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6211\u5011\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u4f86\u6539\u5584\u7ce7\u98df\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u9014\u5f91\u6c92\u6709\u932f\u3002\uff08\u7b2c<\/em><em>5<\/em><em>\u9801\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9686\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u516c\u958b\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e0a\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u7dca\u63a5\u8457\u53c8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff08\u9686\u4f2f\u683c2001\u5e741\uff09\uff0c \u66f8\u4e2d\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5f97\u4e3b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u7403\u5341\u9805\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff1a\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u3001\u9951\u9913\u3001\u6c34\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u512a\u5148\u4ee5\u516c\u773e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u70ba\u56e0\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u6070\u662f \u6bcf\u7576\u793e\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u6642\u5fc5\u6709\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8003\u5bdf\u53ca\u89e3\u6c7a\u6bcf\u500b\u554f\u984c\u6210\u529f\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u4e26\u6839\u64da\u5df2\u77e5\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u6bcf\u500b\u554f\u984c\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00 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Lindblom\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff09\u66fe\u7d93\u5c31\u90a3\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u4e5f\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u7528\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u6aa2\u9a57\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u4ed6\u91cd\u8996\u6700\u8fd1\u8ffd\u8e64\u5e02\u5834\u5c0d\u500b\u6027\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u300c\u793e\u6703\u5c07\u5bcc\u6709\u6311\u6230\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u53cb\u8abc\u3001\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\u7b49\u671f\u8a31\u7684\u6392\u5217\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bd4\u8af8\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u7522\u54c1\u4f4d\u7f6e\u66f4\u524d\u9762\u300d\uff08\u7b2c199\u9801\uff09\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u64d4\u5fc3\u5e02\u5834\u6703\u74e6\u89e3\u793e\u6703\u4e26\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u8b8a\u70ba\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eba\u725f\u5229\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5e02\u5834\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5ee3\u5ea6\u548c\u6b61\u6109\uff0c\u6bd4\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5728\u524d\u5e02\u5834\u793e\u6703\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u300d\uff08\u7b2c201\u9801\uff09\u4e00\u9805\u6700\u8fd1\u5c0d\u4e00\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff08\u5927\u6025\u6d41\u58312006\u5e742\uff09\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u592a\u64c1\u64e0\u7684\u90ca\u5340\u5c45\u6c11\u82b1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8207\u9130\u5c45\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u767c\u73fe\u5230\u8655\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u6703\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u57ce\u5e02\u96dc\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u983b\u7e41\u6279\u8a55\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u4e0d\u592a\u5c08\u6c42\u300c\u5bcc\u300d\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u6587\u5316\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u642c\u5230\u90ca\u5340\uff09\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u6797\u5fb7\u5e03\u9686\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><em>\u300c\u7576\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bcc\u88d5\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u897f\u6b50\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u50be\u5411\u5728\u7576\u4e2d\u767c\u5c55\u90a3\u7a2e\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u8b9a\u8b7d\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u54c1\u5fb7\uff1a\u8f03\u9ad8\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406<\/em><em>\u6027<\/em><em>\u3001\u81ea\u7acb\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u611f\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8a8d\u8b58\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a\u4e0d\u50c5<\/em><em>\u662f<\/em><em>\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14<\/em><em>\u662f<\/em><em>\u5e02\u5834\u53c3\u8207\u672c\u8eab<\/em><em>\uff0c<\/em><em>\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u9019\u4e9b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6<\/em><em>\u985e\u4f3c<\/em><em>\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u53c3\u8207<\/em><em>\u8005<\/em><em>\uff0c<\/em><em>\u900f\u904e<\/em><em>\u9032\u884c\u6c38\u7121\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u9078\u64c7<\/em><em>\u6a5f\u6703<\/em><em>\uff0c<\/em><em>\u6703<\/em><em>\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u6210<\/em><em>\u5f97\u4ee5<\/em><em>\u81ea\u6211<\/em><em>\u63a7\u5236<\/em><em>\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4ed6\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56<\/em><em>\uff0c<\/em><em>\u770b\u6210\u65e2\u662f<\/em><em>\u5c0d<\/em><em>\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c07\u4f86<\/em><em>\uff0c<\/em><em>\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u62b1\u8ca0<\/em><em>\u7684\u6539\u8b8a<\/em><em>\u3002\u300d\uff08<\/em>p.209<em>\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5e02\u5834\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u8c50\u5bcc\u3001\u66f4\u591a\u6a5f\u6703\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u6709\u6548\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u8cf4\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5982\u8aa0\u4fe1\u548c\u70ba\u4e86\u5922\u60f3\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u9858\u3002\u5e02\u5834\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u7522\u751f\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7522\u751f\u8150\u6557\u3002\u8eab\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u624d\u662f\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u597d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5c55\u671b\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u793e\u5340\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5e02\u5834\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002\uff08\u898b\u7b2c11\u7ae0\uff0c\u95dc\u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R. 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\u502b\u6566\uff1a\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e8b\u52d9\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3002\u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7336\u592a\u62c9\u6bd4\u517c\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8cfd\u514b\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u662f\u5426\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5967\u5730\u5229\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u627f\u8a8d\u9053\u5fb7\u5728\u7dad\u6301\u81ea\u7531 \u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u2014\u2014\u7576\u5e02\u5834\u529b\u91cf\u4fb5\u5165\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u6642\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88e1\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u5f71\u97ff\u5e02\u5834\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e09\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8a3b\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f2\u5854\u798f\uff08John E. Stapleford\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u725b\u5e02\u3001\u718a\u5e02\u548c\u91d1\u725b\u72a2\uff1a\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e2d\u904b\u7528\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u502b\u7406\u300b\uff082002\u5e74\u3002\uff09Downers Grove, I11:Inter Varsity Press\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u95dc\u61f7\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u6e1b\u8f15\u8ca7\u56f0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4ee5\u4fe1\u4ef0\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u76e1\u5584\u76e1\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/mypaper.pchome.com.tw\/panel\/article_add#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u4e00\u5bb6\u7684\u555f\u767c\u3002\uff082001\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5e02\u5834 \u2014\u4e00\u500b\u5275\u9020\u826f\u5584\u548c\u767c\u63ee\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7ba1\u5bb6\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6a5f\u5236 \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u6703\u8a73\u7d30\u63a2\u8a0e\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\/\u6587 \u5316\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u5e02\u5834\u914d\u7f6e\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u5275\u9020\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u5f4c\u88dc\u9019\u7a2e\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u9996\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5e02\u5834\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u53ef\u7531\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78 \u5bb6\u5718\u968a\u3001\u53c3\u8b70\u54e1\u548c\u6559\u6703\u9577\u8001\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6 [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=259"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":260,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259\/revisions\/260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}