\u7d93\u6fdf\u6b63\u7fa9\u65e8\u5728\u95dc\u5fc3\u7d93\u6fdf\u8ca1\u8ca8\u548c\u52de\u52d9\u6240\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u624d\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002\u800c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u502b\u7406\u5247\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u6709\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7dad\u8b77\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u7fa4\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5e02\u5834\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u798f\u5229\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u5e72\u9810\u8981\u56b4\u683c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u53ea\u6703\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u968e\u7d1a\u5275\u9020\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u52de\u52d5\u968e\u5c64\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5236\u5ea6\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u6545\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u8981\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u7dad\u8b77\u8207\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u9700\u8981\u90fd\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u65e5\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u9644\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u9f13\u5439\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u81ea\u4ed8\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8b8a\u8eab\uff0c\u96b1\u542b\u8457\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u547d\u8981\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u547d\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff1a<\/p>\n
(\u4e00)\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u95dc\u4fc2\u61c9\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u8f49\u5411\u4eba\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u95dc\u4e4e\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u548c\u500b\u9ad4\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n
(\u4e8c)\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f9e\u5171\u540c\u798f\u5229(common welfare)\u8f49\u5411\u5171\u540c\u8cac\u4efb(common duties)\u3002\u61c9\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u5c64\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8cac\u4efb\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u3002<\/p>\n
(\u4e09)\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u95dc\u4fc2\u8981\u5f9e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u9700\u8981(fragmented need)\u8f49\u5411\u6574\u5168\u7684\u9700\u8981(holistic need)\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u611b\u8207\u540c\u5728\u7684\u5718\u5951\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f31\u52e2\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6b3a\u58d3\u548c\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6148\u5584\u5c0e\u6e90\u65bc\u516c\u7fa9\uff0c\u6148\u5584\u4e4b\u8209\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8ab0\u80fd\u4ee5\u6148\u5584\u4e4b\u5fc3\u5f85\u4eba\u8655\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5411\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u64ad\u6492\u516c\u7fa9\u8207\u6b63\u76f4\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u300c\u4eba\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u7269\u90fd\u7d71\u5c6c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300d\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6190\u61ab\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u501f\u7d66\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6148\u5584\u4e4b\u8209\u7684\u514c\u73fe\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u656c\u754f\u4e3b\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u300d\u3001\u300c\u884c\u5584\u5c31\u662f\u656c\u5949\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e0d\u541d\u60dc\u9322\u8ca1\u800c\u6a02\u65bc\u884c\u5584\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u795e\u6069\u7684\u6ecb\u6f64\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8aa0\u5fc3\u65bd\u6368\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9072\u65e9\u6703\u964d\u798f\u65bc\u4ed6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u4eba\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u59a5\u62c9\u300d(Torah)\u4fc2\u6307\u820a\u7d04\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7d93\u300d\uff0c\u59a5\u62c9\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u6587\u201c\u6307\u793a\u201d\u7684\u5b57\u6839\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u201d\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6558\u8ff0\u6587\u800c\u975e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u66f8\u3002\u5176\u7bc4\u570d\u53ca\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u95dc\u6ce8\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u52f8\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u5177\u9ad4\u6cd5\u4f8b\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u4f86\u6559\u5c0e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u904e\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u7fa4\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7dad\u8b77\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6b0a\u3002\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6539\u5584\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4e0a\u5e1d\u516c\u7fa9\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7e41\u69ae\u8207\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u61c9\u7576\u7684\u7167\u9867\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7d93\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u8005\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u65bd\u8207\u6069\u60e0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u61c9\u6709\u6eff\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u9700\u8981\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u904e\u5206\u96c6\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u6703\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u800c\u4e0d\u81f4\u6f20\u8996\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\uff0c\u820a\u7d04\u8056\u7d93\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e00\u5949\u737b\u548c\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u6a5f\u5236(\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8c41\u514d\u5e74\u3001\u5b89\u606f\u5e74\u3001\u79a7\u5e74\u3001\u5974\u96b8\u7684\u91cb\u653e\u3001\u50b5\u52d9\u7684\u53d6\u6d88\u53ca\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u571f\u5730\u6b78\u9084\u539f\u6709\u696d\u4e3b\u7b49)\u3002\u4ec0\u4e00\u5949\u737b\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5c08\u70ba\u6559\u6703\u904b\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u958b\u652f\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u66f4\u70ba\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u548c\u5b64\u5152\u5be1\u5a66\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cd9\u6fdf(\u7533\u547d\u8a1826\uff1a12-13)\u3002\u85c9\u8457\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u91cd\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u91cd\u6574\uff0c\u8b93\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u81f4\u88ab\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7d93\u5429\u5490\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5c0d\u5f85\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
(\u4e00)\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u53d6\u606f\u3002(\u5229\u672a\u8a1825\uff1a35-38)<\/p>\n
(\u4e8c)\u6b20\u50b5\u8005\u6709\u6b0a\u4fdd\u7559\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u8ca1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u5974\u96b8\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u4e0d\u81f4\u88ab\u50b5\u6b0a\u4eba\u64cd\u7e31\u8207\u5f79\u4f7f\u3002<\/p>\n
(\u4e09)\u8b93\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u5206\u4eab\u5225\u4eba\u6536\u6210\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002(\u5229\u672a\u8a1819\uff1a9-10\uff0c\u7533\u547d\u8a1824\uff1a19-22)<\/p>\n
(\u56db)\u6bcf\u9022\u7b2c\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u5b89\u606f\u5e74\u7530\u5730\u505c\u6b62\u7a2e\u690d\uff0c\u597d\u8b93\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u7530\u88e1\u5269\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u3002(\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8a1823\uff1a10-11)<\/p>\n
(\u4e94)\u6536\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u7e3d\u8981\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a40\u7269\u8b93\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u62fe\u53d6\u9032\u98df\u3002(\u7533\u547d\u8a1824\uff1a19-22)<\/p>\n
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