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Copernicus,\u00a01743\u223c1543\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u592a\u967d\u3001\u6708\u4eae\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u661f\u90fd\u662f\u74b0\u7e5e\u5730\u7403\u8f49\u52d5\u7684\u3002\u57281512\u5e74\uff0c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u767c\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u592a\u967d\u624d\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u661f\u90fd\u662f\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u592a\u967d\u904b\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5927\u7d04100\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u52a0\u5229\u7565\uff08Galileo\uff09\u53d7\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5be9\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u51c6\u4ed6\u767c\u8868\u652f\u6301\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u66f4\u767c\u63da\u4e86\u52a0\u5229\u7565\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u5c0d\u5b87\u5b99\u65b0\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u5730\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u61c9\u8a72\u601d\u8003\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u88e1\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u571f\u5730\u53ca\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7336\u592a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u88e1\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u690d\u7269\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u7926\u7269\u7b49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8086\u610f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u5011\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5b58\u91cf\u662f\u7121\u9650\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u80b2\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4eca\u5929\u6b50\u7f8e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7cfb\u7d71\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u578b\u614b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u904e\u8457\u5bcc\u8db3\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53c8\u80fd\u8207\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6df7\u70ba\u4e00\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u5929\u4eba\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u571f\u5730\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u537b\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u7a31\u7fa8\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u79fb\u6c11\u4e4b\u521d\u7684\u62d3\u8352\u7cbe\u795e\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u5f35\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u958b\u767c\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\uff08sustainable\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u5229\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u662f\u8981\u9760\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u91ce\u751f\u52d5\u690d\u7269\uff0c 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Leopold\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u300d\uff0c\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u845b\u62c9\u6f22\u2027\u963f\u4ec0\u6c83\u65af\uff08Graham Ashworth\uff09\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u65b0\u502b\u7406\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5229\u5967\u6ce2\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u8a8d\u6e05\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0a\u91cd\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50 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<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u4ec0\u6c83\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u502b\u7406\u5171\u5341\u689d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u5c07\u571f\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u8cc7\u6e90\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u822c\u5546\u54c1\uff1b\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ab\u6642\u64c1\u6709\uff0c\u537b\u9700\u4ed4\u7d30\u8b77\u7406\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5c07\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u571f\u5730\uff1b\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u53ef\u56e0\u800c\u9020\u6210\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u64c1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u61c9\u505a\u589e\u9032\u5730\u5229\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5207\u83ab\u640d\u5bb3\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u907f\u514d\u6feb\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u571f\u5730\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u640d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\u5fc5\u9808\u4e86\u89e3\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u76ee\u5730\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u9632\u6b62\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u9020\u6210\u7121\u53ef\u5f4c\u88dc\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u907f\u514d\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6d6a\u8cbb\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7522\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u589e\u9032\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff085\uff09\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8abf\u6574\u5e73\u5747\uff08\u4ee5\u79df\u7a05\u70ba\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u60df\u6709\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u884c\u4e4b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u9867\u53ca\u5404\u5730\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u8207\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c0d\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7ba1\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u9700\u5949\u737b\u6642\u9593\u8207\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e5f\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>10.\u70ba\u4e86\u7ba1\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u6240\u72a7\u7272\u3002 <sup>7<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u7d93\u904e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5b55\u80b2\uff0c\u300c\u8cc7\u6e90\u4fdd\u80b2\u300d\u601d\u60f3\u65e9\u4ee5\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u570b\u5bb6\u570b\u6c11\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u672a\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u751f\u6839\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u672a\u66fe\u767c\u751f\u904e\u300c\u8cc7\u6e90\u4fdd\u80b2\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u300d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7e3d\u4ee5\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u5b9a\u52dd\u5929\u300d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5145\u65a5\u8166\u969b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u958b\u767c\u3001\u69a8\u53d6\u3002\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5404\u7e23\u5e02\u7121\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5e02\u5730\u91cd\u5283\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u8fb2\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u70ba\u5efa\u5730\u4ee5\u8b00\u66b4\u5229\u3002\u5e02\u5730\u91cd\u5283\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u958b\u5b97\u660e\u7fa9\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e02\u5730\u91cd\u756b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u571f\u5730\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u4eba\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u767c\u5c55\u5de5\u696d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8655\u8a2d\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5ee2\u6c23\u3001\u5ee2\u6c34\u3001\u7159\u5875\u3001\u566a\u97f3\u5145\u65a5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u767c\u751f\u707d\u8b8a\uff0c\u5247\u4f7f\u5c45\u6c11\u6b7b\u50b7\u7d2f\u7d2f\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u7684\u6c23\u7206\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8840\u6dcb\u6dcb\u7684\u529f\u8ab2\u3002\u5c31\u90fd\u5e02\u571f\u5730\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6068\u4e0d\u5f97\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7da0\u5730\u3001\u7a7a\u5730\u90fd\u84cb\u6eff\u5927\u6a13\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6c34\u6ce5\u53e2\u6797\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5bb9\u7a4d\u7387\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u68ee\u6797\u8207\u5c71\u5761\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6beb\u4e0d\u73cd\u60dc\u5730\u6feb\u58be\uff0c\u7a2e\u690d\u6ab3\u6994\u8207\u9ad8\u51b7\u852c\u83dc\u3002\u6216\u8005\u958b\u767c\u6210\u70ba\u4f4f\u5b85\u8207\u6c11\u5bbf\uff0c\u6216\u9ad8\u723e\u592b\u7403\u5834\uff1b\u4efb\u6191\u571f\u58e4\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6d2a\u60a3\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5c07\u6d77\u5cb8\u571f\u5730\u6316\u5f97\u5343\u7621\u767e\u5b54\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u990a\u6b96\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5e36\u982d\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u6d77\u57d4\u5730\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5de5\u696d\u5340\u6216\u8208\u5efa\u6838\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\uff0c\u7d72\u6beb\u4e0d\u554f\u571f\u5730\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5b9c\u5982\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50cf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u61c9\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u571f\u5730\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u502b\u7406\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u8207\u571f\u5730\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6ce8\u610f\u500b\u9ad4\u3001\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9867\u7e3d\u9ad4\u9577\u671f\u7684\u975e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u96d6\u7136\u95dc\u4e4e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u975e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u537b\u95dc\u4e4e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5f9e\u4e8b\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u571f\u5730\u7684\u502b\u7406\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u4eba\u5730\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u70ba\u4eba\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u6050\u6015\u53ea\u6709\u300c\u6709\u571f\u65af\u6709\u8ca1\u300d\u4e86\u3002\u4e5f\u7121\u602a\u4e4e\u9023\u6211\u5011\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c143\u689d\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u571f\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5730\u653f\u6cd5\u898f\uff0c\u4e5f\u83ab\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u5206\u914d\u70ba\u4e3b\u8abf\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u856d\u931a\u5148\u751f\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u4e2d\u83ef\u5730\u653f\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u4ea6\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5730\u95dc\u4fc2\u53f2\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u5982\u4ee5\u4eba\u5730\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u65b7\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u660e\u78ba\uff1a\u84cb\u9060\u53e4\u70ba\u571f\u5730\u7e3d\u6709\u6642\u671f\uff08\u4e09\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u53e4\u70ba\u300e\u571f\u5730\u516c\u6709\u6642\u671f\u300f\uff08\u590f\u3001\u5546\u3001\u5468\u81f3\u6625\u79cb\u6230\u570b\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u53e4\u70ba\u521d\u671f\u4e4b\u571f\u5730\u79c1\u6709\uff08\u79e6\u3001 \u6f22\u3001\u4e09\u570b\uff09\u4ee5\u8fc4\u300e\u571f\u5730\u91cd\u5206\u914d\u6642\u671f\u300f\uff08\u6649\u3001\u5357\u5317\u671d\u3001\u968b\u3001\u5510\u81f3\u7384\u5b97\uff09\uff0c\u8fd1\u53e4\u70ba\u300e\u65b0\u571f\u5730\u79c1\u6709\u6642\u671f\u300f\uff08\u4e2d\u5510\u5f8c\u81f3\u4e94\u4ee3\u8fc4\u5b8b \uff09\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u70ba\u300e\u5730\u6b0a\u7578\u5f62\u767c\u5c55\u6642\u671f\u300f\uff08\u5143\u3001\u660e\u81f3\u6e05\u4e7e\u9686\uff09\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u70ba\u300e\u5730\u6b0a\u86fb\u8b8a\u6642\u671f\u300f\uff08\u6e05\u4e2d\u696d\u5357\u4eac\u689d\u7d04\u5f8c\u81f3\u6c11\u570b\uff09\u3002\u300d\u856d\u5148\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5730\u95dc\u4fc2\u53f2\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8aaa\u660e\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u660e\u9032\u5c55\u8207\u571f\u5730\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<sup>8<\/sup> 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<sup>9<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u4e86\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u5f85\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u9020\u6210\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u4e0d\u7fa9\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u7a76\u7adf\u4f55\u5728\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u53ef\u4ee5\u601d\u904e\u534a\u77e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u770b\u571f\u5730\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u502b\u7406<\/strong> <sup>10<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u571f\u5730\u554f\u984c\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e9\u523018\u4e16\u7d00\u91cd\u8fb2\u5b78\u6d3e\uff08laissez\u00a0faire\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u885b\u2027\u674e\u5609\u5716\uff08David Ricardo\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u79df\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002\u53ca\u81f3\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4ea8\u5229\u2027\u55ac\u6cbb\uff08Henry George\uff09\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u554f\u984c\u4ecd\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u96d6\u7136\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u662f\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u571f\u5730\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u5c07\u5b83\u5957\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u88e1\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u3001\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u4e00\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u786c\u9ad4\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u505a\u5be6\u969b\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u6dfa\u8584\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u7d20\u990a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6df1\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u53bb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u4eba\u6587\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5206\u754c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u6a23\u5730\u660e\u986f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7576\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u300c\u50f9\u503c\u300d\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u91cd\u8996\u300c\u6548\u7387\u300d\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u6548\u7387\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u8853\u6c34\u6e96\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u6295\u5165\u6240\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u7522\u51fa\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e26\u4e0d\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u610f\u50f9\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e0a\uff0c\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u66f4\u70ba\u986f\u8457\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u8ab2\u984c\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08\u7576\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u571f\u5730\uff09\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u662f\u7576\u571f\u5730\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u908a\u969b\u7522\u51fa\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u6642\u65b9\u59cb\u9054\u5230\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u8fb2\u6c11\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u80fd\u5920\u4f5c\u4f4f\u5b85\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u908a\u969b\u5831\u916c\u5c07\u6703\u9ad8\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u7a2e\u690d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f9e\u6548\u7528\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u8fb2\u6c11\u5c07\u6703\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5c07\u5176\u8fb2\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u4f5c\u4f4f\u5b85\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u908a\u969b\u5831\u916c\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u9593\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u7b49\u908a\u969b\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u79c1\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u4eba\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u571f\u5730\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8ad6\u5230\u7a00\u5c11\u6027\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6e90\u90fd\u6709\u7a00\u5c11\u6027\uff08\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u554f\u984c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u9593\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u5f37\u70c8\u5730\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9054\u5230\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u90a3\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fb2\u6c11\u8a08\u7b97\u4ed6\u7684\u908a\u969b\u7522\u51fa\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u91d1\u9322\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u975e\u91d1\u9322\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f5c\u4f4f\u5b85\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u76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of Rome\uff09\u5728\u300a\u6210\u9577\u7684\u6975\u9650\u300b\uff08The limits to 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law\uff09\u7684\u539f\u5247\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\u52ff\u65bd\u65bc\u4eba\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9020\u6210\u5c0d\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u53c8\u6f38\u6b21\u64f4\u5927\u6210\u70ba\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u9577\u9060\u798f\u5229\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u798f\u5229\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u500b\u4eba\u798f\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u60f3\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u53c8\u6709\u9ede\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u5c0e\u5411\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u614b\u502b\u7406\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u74b0\u5883\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u300c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u7403\u300d\uff08Only One Earth\uff09\u88e1\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u900f\u5fb9\uff1a\u300c\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u4ee5\u5148\u9032\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u6ef4\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7531\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u300e\u80fd\u300f\uff08energy\uff09\u5728\u63a8\u9032\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u8207\u751f\u5b58\u90fd\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5065\u5168\u8207\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u300d <sup>13<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u614b\u502b\u7406\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u571f\u5730\u8981\u777f\u667a\u3001\u8981\u770b\u571f\u5730\u7684\u9069\u5b9c\u6027\u3001\u627f\u8f09\u529b\u3001\u53ef\u5fa9\u539f\u6027\u7b49\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u502b\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u571f\u5730\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5927\u5bb6\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u53e3\u554f\u984c\u53c8\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7576\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5c31\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb2\u5730\u7684\u7a00\u5c11\u6027\u5c24\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u512a\u826f\u7684\u8fb2\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u9069\u5b9c\u958b\u767c\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u540c\u6a23\u65e5\u76ca\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u571f\u5730\u9084\u6709\u300c\u958b\u653e\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u8207\u300c\u539f\u91ce\u300d\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u919c\u964b\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u8207\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u539f\u91ce\u5c31\u8d8a\u986f\u5f97\u73cd\u8cb4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u8207\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u6240\u9020\u6210\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u8207\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u90ca\u5340\u5316\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u4f4f\u6240\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8207\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\uff08\u5c0f\u6c7d\u8eca\uff09\u7684\u52a9\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u614b\u662f\u524d\u4eba\u6240\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u571f\u5730\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u4e00\u584a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8207\u6700\u4f73\u4f7f\u7528\uff08The highest and best use\uff09\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5be6\u8cea\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6975\u5927\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u9805\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u8de1\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u9023\u5e36\u7684\u4e5f\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u76e1\u5584\u826f\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\uff08stewardship\uff09\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u5584\u826f\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u8de1\u8207\u958b\u653e\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5340\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e5f\u61c9\u904b\u800c\u751f\u3002\u800c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8aaa\u660e\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u9019\u4e9b\u502b\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ca\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u5247\u9084\u77aa\u547c\u843d\u65bc\u5176\u5f8c\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u571f\u5730\u554f\u984c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u9996\u8cf4\u6211\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u89c0\u5ff5\u8981\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u8cf4\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u8aaa\u502b\u7406\u7121\u52a9\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u628a\u4ee5\u9053\u5fb7\u70ba\u8a34\u6c42\u7684\u502b\u7406\u89c0\u5ff5\u6216\u539f\u5247\u4ee5\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u8a08\u756b\u4f86\u843d\u5be6\u3002\u963f\u4ec0\u6c83\u65af\u8209\u51fa10\u500b\u689d\u76ee\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4ee5\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8b93\u9109\u6751\u771f\u6b63\u662f\u9109\u6751\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u78ba\u6709\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6e96\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4ecd\u6709\u7a7a\u5730\u4ee5\u5efa\u8a2d\u65b0\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e02\u6c11\u90fd\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u9069\u7576\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\uff1b\u4e14\u80fd\u4ee5\u79df\u7a05\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u640d\u5931\u5f97\u4ee5\u5747\u5e73\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u4f9b\u7d66\u5e02\u6c11\u6e05\u6f54\u885b\u751f\u7684\u5f15\u6c34\u3001\u98df\u7269\u8207\u7a7a\u6c23\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u64c1\u6709\u4f7f\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5e02\u6c11\u7a31\u4fbf\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u4f86\u65bc\u5c45\u8655\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u8207\u904a\u61a9\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e4b\u9593\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\u63a7\u5236\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0d\u903e\u8d8a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u5206\u969b\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f4\u5f71\u97ff\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u5065\u5eb7\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>\u8b93\u90fd\u5e02\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u4ee5\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6210\u9577\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u8207\u904a\u61a9\u8a2d\u65bd\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u5340\u4f4d\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5c0d\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8272\u5f69\u3001\u6709\u6240\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u90fd\u5e02\u666f\u89c0\u8cde\u5fc3\u6085\u76ee\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7522\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u514d\u9664\u56e0\u6c42\u53d6\u6210\u9577\u800c\u906d\u6bc0\u68c4\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u5b58\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u503c\u5f97\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u52a0\u4ee5\u5426\u6c7a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8d70\u4e00\u689d\u751f\u614b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8def<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5728\u53ec\u958b1972\u5e74\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u628a\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5ef6\u4f38\u8d85\u8d8a\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u70ba\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9ad8\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u7387\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u7dca\u8feb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u9ad8\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u537b\u5e36\u4f86\u65e5\u589e\u7684\u5931\u696d\u8207\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4f4e\u843d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u5df2\u7d93\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4ee5\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u5404\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u5ea6\u6d88\u8cbb\u7684\u578b\u614b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u5167\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u9650\u5ea6\u4e5f\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6975\u9650\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bcc\u88d5\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u64f4\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u518d\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u6ce8\u91cd\u751f\u614b\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u578b\u614b\u2500\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u614b\u767c\u5c55\uff08eco-development\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83ab\u7406\u65af\u2027\u65af\u7279\u6717\uff08Maurice Strong\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u9805\u751f\u614b\u767c\u5c55\u61c9\u8a72\u8d70\u7684\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u614b\u5340\u57df\u88e1\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u767c\u5c55\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5982\u98df\u7269\u3001\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u8207\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u907f\u514d\u5bcc\u88d5\u570b\u5bb6\u6d88\u8cbb\u578b\u614b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u751f\u614b\u767c\u5c55\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u8b58\u2500\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u5fc5\u9808\u9867\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6d6a\u8cbb\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\u5faa\u74b0\u518d\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u696d\u5ee2\u68c4\u7269\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\u4f9d\u9760\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u751f\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u65b9\u578b\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u9ad8\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u7684\u904b\u8f38\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>\u7528\u751f\u614b\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u6539\u5584\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u8207\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u5011\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u751f\u614b\u9762\u5411\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u5167\u90e8\u5316\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u66f4\u5c0a\u91cd\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>\u5efa\u5236\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u9069\u5408\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u5011\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u751f\u614b\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u8a2d\u5099\u8207\u751f\u7522\u6280\u8853\u3002\u4f7f\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u53c3\u8207\u5730\u65b9\u4e8b\u52d9\u3001\u5354\u8abf\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u529b\u7684\u58d3\u69a8\u8207\u525d\u524a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li>\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8207\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u9808\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u4e16\u4ee3\u502b\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002 <sup>14<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u91cb\ufe30<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ashworth , p.3.<\/li>\n<li>Lewis Mumford , The Cultural of Cities ,Harcourt Brace &amp; Co., 1970, p.147.<\/li>\n<li>\u8056\u7d93\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u4e00\u7ae026\u81f328\u7bc0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Ashworth , p.6.<\/li>\n<li>John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy , 1848.<\/li>\n<li>Graham Ashworth ,et.al., ed., Toward a New Land Use Ethic , the\u00a0Piedmont Environmental Council , 1981 , p.18.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>Ashworth, p.19.<\/li>\n<li>\u856d\u931a\uff0c\u4e2d\u83ef\u5730\u653f\u53f2\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928\uff0c\u6c11\u570b\u4e03\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u98012\u81f33\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Walter E. Westman , Ecology , Impact Assessment , and Environmental\u00a0Planning , John Wiley , 1985 , p.191 .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>\u672c\u7bc0\u53c3\u8003\uff1aRichard T. Selden, &#8220;Land-Use Problems\uff1aAn Economist\u2019s\u00a0Perspective&#8221;, in Ashworth, pp.90-93.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li>Ashworth, p.8.<\/li>\n<li>Ashworth, et al., p.8.<\/li>\n<li>Ashworth, p.10.<\/li>\n<li>Raymond F. Dasmann, Environmental Conservation , 5th. Ed., John Wiley\u00a0&amp; Sons, Inc., 1984, 429-431.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/p>\n[1] Ashworth, Graham, et al., Toward a New Land Use Ethic , the Piedmont\u00a0Environmental Council, 1981.<\/p>\n[2] Devall, Bill &amp; George Sessions, Deep Ecology , Gibbs M. Smith, Inc. 1985.<\/p>\n[3] Elliot, Robert, ed., Environmental Ethics , Oxford University press, 1998.<\/p>\n[4] Hawley, Amos H., Human Ecology\uff1a A Theoretical Essay , The University\u00a0of Chicago Press, 1986.<\/p>\n[5] Leopold, Aldo, A Sand County Almanac , Ballantine Books, 1966.<\/p>\n[6] McKenzie, Roderick D., On Human Ecology , The University of Chicago\u00a0Press, 1968.<\/p>\n[7] Medema, Steven G. &amp; Warren J. Samuels, A History of Economic\u00a0Thought , Princeton University Press. 1998.<\/p>\n[8] Regan, Tom, ed., New Introductory Essays in Environmental Ethics ,\u00a0Random House, 1984.<\/p>\n[9] Reich, Charles A., The Greening of America , Bantam books, Inc., 1971.<\/p>\n[10] Sessions, George, ed., Deep Ecology for the 21 Century , Shambhala\u00a0Publications, Inc., 1995.<\/p>\n[11] Shepard, Paul &amp; Daniel McKinly, ed., The Subversive Science\uff1a Essays\u00a0Toward an Ecology of Man , Houghton Mifflin Company, 1969.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f9e\u571f\u5730\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u502b\u7406\u63a2\u8a0e\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9 \u97d3\u4e7e \uff08\u9022\u7532\u5927\u5b78\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u517c\u4efb\u6559\u6388\uff09 \u524d\u8a00 \u76ee\u524d\u81fa\u7063\u623f\u5730\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u98c6\u6f32\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5c6c\u4e00\u5c6c\u4e8c\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u9020\u6210\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u4e0d\u7fa9\uff0c\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u5df2\u4e0d\u5f85\u591a\u8a00\u3002\u5bcc\u8005\u623f\u5730\u9023\u9621\u964c\uff0c\u8ca7\u8005\u7121\u7acb\u9310\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f62\u5bb9\u65bc\u842c\u4e00\u3002\u56fa\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u524d\u6b64\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u666f\u6c23\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u5be6\u65bd\u8ca8\u5e63\u5bec\u9b06\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e4b\u3002\u4f46 [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-17"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=182"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":445,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions\/445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}