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\u7576\u5c0b\u627e\u7576\u4ee3\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\u4e4b\u8b0e\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u540c\u6642\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u7522\u751f\u5de5\u696d\u8870\u9000\u548c\u856d\u689d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002[14]<\/a> \u66f4\u80051855\u5e7412\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u898b\u5230\u7e41\u69ae\u548c\u7834\u6557\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u300c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u52a0\u723e\u5404\u9054\u6e2f\u53e3\u770b\u5230\u842c\u570b\u8239\u6845\u7684\u64c1\u64e0\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u898b\u8150\u6557\u788e\u88c2\u6b7b\u5c4d\u6f02\u6d41\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u5641\u5fc3\uff0c\u65cb\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u548c\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u8996\u82e5\u7121\u7779\u2026\u300d\u6b64\u7686\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5fc3\u9748\u826f\u5fc3\u7559\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u6ec5\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002[15]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u4ea8\u5229\u7684\u7570\u8c61\u9858\u666f\uff08Vision\uff09<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u57281870\n\u5e74\u67d0\u500b\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u7576\u4ea8\u5229\u9a0e\u99ac\u5f9e\u5967\u514b\u862d\u5c71\u8def\u4fef\u8996\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u4f11\u606f\u6642\uff0c\u554f\u5230\u8def\u904e\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u53f8\u6a5f\u9019\u88e1\u571f\u5730\u50f9\u9322\u591a\u5c11\u6642\uff0c\u53f8\u6a5f\u56de\u7b54\u4ed6\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u591a\u5c11\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u6b63\u53eb\u50f9\u6bcf\u82f1\u755d1000\u7f8e\u5143\u8ce3\u5730\u3002\u4ea8\u5229\u88ab\u9019\u500b\u8d85\u9ad8\u7684\u50f9\u9322\u9707\u61be\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4e00\u500b\u7570\u8c61\u4eae\u5149\u9583\u5165\u8166\u969b\u300c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u9081\u5411\u5bcc\u88d5\u540c\u6642\u9020\u6210\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e86\u3002\u8ddf\u96a8\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u9577\u3001\u571f\u5730\u50f9\u683c\u4e0a\u63da\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u70ba\u751f\u5b58\u652f\u4ed8\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u300d\u4ea8\u5229\u8f49\u8eab\u975c\u9ed8\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u6d78\u5728\u9019\u500b\u601d\u7dad\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u300d[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1869\u5e74\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u9435\u8def\u901a\u8eca\uff0c\u5169\u65c1\u7d66\u4e88\u958b\u767c\u9435\u8def\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u571f\u5730\u50f9\u683c\u66b4\u6f32\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u57281868\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u300a\u9435\u8def\u5c07\u5e36\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u5373\u9810\u898b\u9435\u8def\u7684\u5efa\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u5546\u696d\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5287\u589e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u5168\u9ad4\u5e36\u4f86\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u5c0d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u6709\u5229\u2026\u2026\u90a3\u4e9b\u64c1\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u7926\u7522\uff0c\u7a69\u5b9a\u5be6\u696d\u53ca\u67d0\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u52a0\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u9577\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff1b\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u9760\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u52de\u52d5\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u66f4\u52a0\u8ca7\u7aae\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5c07\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u571f\u5730\u6216\u9032\u5165\u5546\u696d\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7af6\u722d\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7372\u53d6\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u5c07\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96e3\u3002[17]<\/a> 1879\u5e74\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7d42\u65bc\u5b8c\u6210\u66e0\u4e16\u540d\u8457\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300b\uff08Progress and Poverty\uff09[\u63cf\u5beb\u7e41\u69ae\u548c\u8ca7\u56f0\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u793e\u7d93\u554f\u984c\u6839\u6e90\u3002[18]<\/a> \u8a72\u66f8\u65cb\u5373\u6d1b\u967d\u7d19\u6f32\uff0c\u7957\u82f1\u570b\u4fbf\u92b7\u552e\u4e03\u5341\u842c\u518a\uff0c\u4e00\u6642\u6b50\u9678\u56ae\u5f80\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4eba\u624b\u4e00\u518a\uff0c\u92b7\u552e\u91cf\u50c5\u6b21\u65bc\u8056\u7d93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u55ac\u6cbb\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u6cc1\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u53ca\u5929\u555f\u7684\u611f\u52d5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u8457\u4f5c\u5230\u5b8c\u6210\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u795e\u8056\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5c07\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u5370\u66f8\u5bc4\u4ea4\u4ed6\u7236\u89aa\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u8b1d  \u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u7236\uff0c\u80fd\u5c07\u6b64\u6210\u66f8\u9001\u9054 \u60a8\u7684\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u611f\u8b1d\u5728\u6211\u6709\u4e4b\u5e74\u5c07\u5b83\u5b8c\u7a3f\uff0c\u5e78\u904b\u7684\u662f\u60a8\u4e5f\u80fd\u8b80\u5230\u5b83\u3002\u2026\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7d42\u5fc5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9245\u4f5c\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u5169\u500b\u6771\u897f\u534a\u7403\u666e\u904d\u767c\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u591a\u570b\u6587\u5b57\u50b3\u8aa6\u3002\u76db\u6cc1\u751a\u81f3\u975e\u6211\u5011\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u6240\u80fd\u89aa\u898b\u3002\u300d<\/em>\u8a72\u66f8\u57281880\u7d10\u7d04\u767c\u884c\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u5373\u8f5f\u52d5\u82f1\u502b\uff0c1890\u5e74\u5fb7\u6587\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u8377\u862d\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u8b6f\u6587\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c1893\u5e74\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6587\uff0c1910\u5e74\uff08\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\uff09\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u610f\u7b2c\u7dd2\u8a9e\u3001\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u672c\u76f8\u7e7c\u51fa\u7248\u3002[19]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b97\u6559\u7d66\u4e86\u55ac\u6cbb\u7121\u9650\u7684\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u55ac\u6cbb\u5f8c\u4f86\u56de\u61b6\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u4f5c\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300b\u7684\u52d5\u56e0\u6642\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u5927\u767d\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8857\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u8d77\u4e86\u500b\u5ff5\u982d\u2026\u2026\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u795e\u7684\u611f\u53ec\u2026\u2026\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u842c\u921e\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u9a45\u4f7f\u6211\u53bb\u5beb\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\u201d<\/em>\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u201c\u6fc0\u52d5\u842c\u5206\uff0c\u731b\u5730\u96d9\u819d\u8dea\u4e0b\uff0c\u54ed\u5f97\u50cf\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u6a23\u201d\u3002[20]<\/a> \u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u55ac\u6cbb\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300b\u5f8c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6f14\u8aaa\u2014\u2014\u2014\u300a\u6469\u897f\u300b\u3002\u55ac\u6cbb\u8b9a\u63da\u6469\u897f\u95dc\u6ce8\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6539\u5584\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u6ce8\u6b7b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6469\u897f\uff0c\u5411\u55ac\u6cbb\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5ba3\u5c0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u5316\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u9084\u5efa\u8b70\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u5fb9\u5e95\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u6469\u897f\u90a3\u88e1\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9748\u611f\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u7684\u6469\u897f\u5e6b\u52a9\u55ac\u6cbb\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u3002\u201d[21]<\/a>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8cb3\u3001\u8056\u7d93\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\uff0d\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f55\u4ee5\u8056\u7d93\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u53ef\u6c38\u8ce3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6469\u897f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5f71\u97ff\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u81f3\u6df1\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u56de\u9867\u8056\u7d93\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5167\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u7684\u5178\u7ae0\u771f\u662f\u653e\u8af8\u56db\u6d77\u7686\u6e96\u7684\u771f\u7406\u55ce? \u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5c0a\u5d07\u4eba\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3001\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u6cbb\u7406\u5927\u5730\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4eba\u8207\u571f\u5730\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u898f\u7bc4\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u5b78\u7fd2\u5404\u7a2e\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\uff08\u4eba\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u8667\u8ca0\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u81ea\u7136\uff08\u571f\u5730\u6bcf\u516d\u5e74\u5f8c\u8981\u4f11\u606f\u4e00\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u662f\u4eab\u53d7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u525d\u524a\uff0c\u5c0d\u5f31\u52e2\u4eba\u7fa4\uff08\u64bf\u62fe\u9ea5\u7a57\u7684\u8cf4\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\u7279\u6b0a\uff09\u3001\u8b93\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u571f\u5730\u3001\u50d5\u5a62\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4eab\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6cd5\u5247\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8a8d\u8b58\u4eba\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u80af\u5b9a\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u7372\u5f97\u751f\u8a08\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u548c\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4f9d\u8a17\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u4eca\u5c0d\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u920d\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u6559\u8a13\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u6069\u6148\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0d\u4eba\u6c11\u53ea\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u6b0a<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5229\u672a\u8a1825\u7ae0\u4f5c\u70ba\u70ba\u79a7\u5e74\u6559\u8a13\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u5728\u7f8e\u597d\u8fe6\u5357\u5730\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u53ef\u6c38\u8ce3\u70ba\u524d\u984c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u5141\u8a31\u8cb7\u8ce3\u548c\u8f49\u79fb\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u9ad4\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u8abf\u7bc0\u3002\u4f9d\u64da\u795e\u8056\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u53ca\u4ee5\u6b64\u884d\u751f\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff09\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6bcf\u5230\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5fc5\u9808\u7121\u511f\u5730\u6b78\u56de\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u652f\u6d3e\uff0c\u56de\u5fa9\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u5206\u914d\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5f9e\u6b64\u963b\u7d55\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u88ab\u58df\u65b7\u64f4\u5927\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u8981\u6c42\u65bc\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u4eba\u6c11\u6bcf\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u8981\u518d\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u3002[22]<\/a> \u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u793e\u6703\u88cf\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u5c31\u662f\u8cc7\u672c\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u65e9\u671f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5404\u652f\u6d3e\u4f9d\u7167\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u539f\u5247\u5206\u914d\u571f\u5730\uff1b[23]<\/a> \u986f\u7136\u795e\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u7a2e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7576\u6642\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u5730\u4e0a\u6b0a\u5fc5\u9808\u6b78\u9084\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u79c1\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\u6c92\u6709\u5ee2\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5275\u9020\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5fc5\u9808\u518d\u5747\u5206\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u3002\u9019\u9805\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u5f37\u8abf\u842c\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5728\u65bc\u795e\uff1b\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c38\u4e45\u8ce3\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5c6c\u65bc\u795e\uff1a\u300c\u5730\u4e0d\u53ef\u6c38\u8ce3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u662f\u6211\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u5728\u6211\u9762\u524d\u662f\u5ba2\u65c5\uff0c\u662f\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u300d\u3002[24]<\/a> \u795e\u5141\u8a31\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u66ab\u6642\u5c45\u4f4f\u3001\u8015\u7a2e\u548c\u4eab\u7528\u5730\u7684\u51fa\u7522\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5929\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7ba1\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7d42\u6975\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8b19\u5351\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6545\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u820a\u7d04\u7d93\u6fdf\u6559\u5c0e\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u820a\u7d04\u502b\u7406\u539f\u5247\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u5fc3\u3002[25]<\/a> \u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u5f9e\u820a\u7d04\u571f\u5730\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f86\u8ac7\u5230\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8af8\u822c\u9762\u76f8\u3002\u540c\u6642\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u767e\u59d3\u5728\u571f\u5730\u5c6c\u65bc\u8036\u548c\u83ef\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u516c\u6709\u7684\u524d\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6469\u897f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6469\u897f\u5728\u5e36\u9818\u767e\u59d3\u9032\u5165\u8fe6\u5357\u5730\u524d\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\uff0c\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u6240\u6559\u8a13\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u5f8b\u4f8b\u5178\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u8981\u807d\u5f9e\u9075\u884c\uff0c\u597d\u53eb\u4f60\u5011\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u9032\u5165\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u5011\u5217\u7956\u4e4b\u3000\u795e\u6240\u8cdc\u7d66\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u627f\u53d7\u70ba\u696d\u3002\u300d[26]<\/a> \u53c8\u8aaa\u5230\u300c\u90a3\u4e00\u5927\u570b\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u795e\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u50cf\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u6211\u5011\u7684\u3000\u795e\u3001\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6c42\u544a\u4ed6\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8207\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u8fd1\u5462\uff1f\u53c8\u90a3\u4e00\u5927\u570b\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5f8b\u4f8b\u5178\u7ae0\u3001\u50cf\u6211\u4eca\u65e5\u5728\u4f60\u5011\u9762\u524d\u6240\u9673\u660e\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f\u300d[27]<\/a> \u8ca7\u5bcc\u554f\u984c\u5fc5\u9700\u53cd\u61c9\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u79a7\u5e74\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5f70\u986f\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u79a7\u5e74\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u8996\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u50cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90fd\u6709\u638c\u63e1\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u88ab\u4f9b\u61c9\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u5b89\u606f\u5e74\u548c\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002[28]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u571f\u5730\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4e0a\u300c\u4eba\uff08\u4f60\uff09\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u8667\u8ca0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u6211\u662f\u4f60\u5011\u7684  \u795e\u300d\u4f86\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0a\u7684\u5e95\u7dda\uff1b\u7a4d\u6975\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u571f\u5730\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4e0a\u8981\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53ca\u95dc\u61f7\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u751f\u8a08\uff0c\u50cf\u6ce2\u963f\u65af\u7684\u6168\u7136\u5c0d\u5f85\u5916\u7c4d\u5973\u4eba\u8def\u5f97\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c[29]<\/a> \u5305\u62ec\u56db\u9805\u539f\u5247\u70ba<\/strong>\uff1a[30]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff1a\u8981\u4eba\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u8667\u8ca0\uff0c\u7528\u571f\u5730\u8cb7\u8ce3\u8a02\u4e0b\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u4ea4\u6613\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u6b3a\u8ca0\u5b64\u5152\u5be1\u5a66\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u5bb6\u5ead\u8b8a\u6545\u800c\u8ce3\u5730\u7684\u5f31\u52e2\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u4f5c\uff0c\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5728\u9451\u5bdf\u3002[31]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\uff1a\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5f31\u8005\u6709\u64bf\u62fe\u9ea5\u7a57\u3001\u62fe\u53d6\u6389\u843d\u8461\u8404\u4ee5\u70ba\u990a\u751f\u6d3b\u53e3\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff1a\u4e03\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5b89\u606f\u5e74\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f7f\u5974\u50d5\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u50b5\u52d9\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u571f\u5730\u5f97\u4ee5\u6b78\u9084\u3002\uff08\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u9593\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u4e0d\u4e88\u9650\u5236\uff09\u6709\u6b0a\u52e2\u8005\uff08\u50b5\u4e3b\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\uff09\u8981\u5be6\u8e10\u5411\u7aae\u4eba\u5f31\u52e2\u300c\u9b06\u624b\u300d\u8207\u91cb\u653e\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u795d\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u3001\u6c38\u7e8c\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff1a\u4eba\u3001\u50d5\u4eba\u3001\u5a62\u5973\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u5728\u5b89\u606f\u5e74\u4eab\u53d7\u5b89\u606f\u548c\u8212\u66a2\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u74b0\u5883\u7372\u5f97\u5b89\u606f\u4e0d\u53d7\u8086\u610f\u525d\u524a\u548c\u7834\u58de\u3002[32]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f15\u7533\u56db\u9805\u539f\u5247\u6558\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b89\u606f\u5e74\u548c\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff08\u8a2d\u8a08\uff09\uff0c\u79a7\u5e74\u5f9e\u5e73\u6642\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5230\u571f\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u6559\u8a13\u3002\u7d93\u6fdf\u4ea4\u6613\u5f80\u4f86\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5c0d\u9130\u820d\u6c92\u6709\u6b3a\u8ca0\u6c92\u6709\u8667\u8ca0\u300c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u300d\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7dbf\u5bc6\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u8aa0\u4fe1\u7684\u843d\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u60b2\u54c0\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u84ee\u662f\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u624b\u88cf\u6709\u8a6d\u8a50\u7684\u5929\u5e73\uff0c\u611b\u884c\u6b3a\u9a19\u3002\u300d[35]<\/a> \u5148\u77e5\u66f4\u65a5\u8cac\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u7fa9\uff0c\u300c\u4f60\u5011\u8aaa\uff1a\u6708\u6714\u5e7e\u6642\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u597d\u8ce3\u7ce7\uff1b\u5b89\u606f\u65e5\u5e7e\u6642\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u597d\u64fa\u958b\u9ea5\u5b50\uff1b\u8ce3\u51fa\u7528\u5c0f\u5347\u6597\uff0c\u6536\u9280\u7528\u5927\u6225\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u8a6d\u8a50\u7684\u5929\u5e73\u6b3a\u54c4\u4eba\uff0c\u2026\u3002\u300d[36]<\/a> \u8aa0\u7136\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u7a81\u986f\u8caa\u5a6a\u548c\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u6b3a\u58d3\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u8edf\u5f31\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ea1\u570b\u4ea6\u662f\u5546\u696d\u4fe1\u5be6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u6b3a\u77c7\u525d\u524a\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u88ab\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u96e2\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516c\u5e73\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u571f\u5730\u50f9\u683c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u70ba\u4f55\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u8981\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8996\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u662f\u6309\u7942\u5f62\u50cf\u9020\u4eba\u3002\u571f\u5730\u8cb7\u8ce3\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u8a08\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u5c24\u61c9\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f7c\u6b64\u8667\u8ca0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u95dc\u61f7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8056\u7d93\u8b1b\u5230\u7aae\u4eba\u4e4b\u8655\u751a\u591a\u3002\u5728\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5247\u4e88\u4ee5\u843d\u5be6\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u539f\u4f86\u90a3\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u7aae\u4eba\u6c38\u4e0d\u65b7\u7d55\u3002[39]<\/a> \u986f\u7136\u8ca7\u7aae\u6210\u70ba\u8056\u7d93\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u73fe\u4eca\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d88\u901d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u4eca\u4e16\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u7455\u75b5\uff0c\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u90aa\u60e1\u3002\u5728\u79a7\u5e74\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u8ac7\u793e\u6703\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u7684\u89aa\u5c6c\u6062\u5fa9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002[40]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u4f86\u90a3\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u7aae\u4eba\u6c38\u4e0d\u65b7\u7d55\uff1b[41]<\/a> \u6240\u4ee5\u3000\u795e\u5429\u5490\u8aaa\uff1a\u300e\u7e3d\u8981\u5411\u4f60\u5730\u4e0a\u56f0\u82e6\u7aae\u4e4f\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u9b06\u958b\u624b\u3002\u300f\u300d\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f60\u82e5\u7559\u610f\u807d\u5f9e\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u3000\u795e\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u8b39\u5b88\u9075\u884c\u6211\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u5429\u5490\u4f60\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u5728\u4f60\u5011\u4e2d\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u7aae\u4eba\u4e86\uff08\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u6709\u7aae\u4eba\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u5831\u511f\u5247\u662f\u300c\u5728\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u3000\u795e\u6240\u8cdc\u4f60\u70ba\u696d\u7684\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5fc5\u5927\u5927\u8cdc\u798f\u8207\u4f60\u300d\u3002[42]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u5728\u5206\u4eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u95dc\u61f7\u5f31\u52e2\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6458\u76e1\u8461\u8404\u5712\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u62fe\u53d6\u8461\u8404\u5712\u6240\u6389\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff1b\u8981\u7559\u7d66\u7aae\u4eba\u548c\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u3002\u6211\u662f\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u4f60\u2500\u5011\u7684\u3000\u795e<\/strong>\u3002\u300c\u5728\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u5730\u6536\u5272\u838a\u7a3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5272\u76e1\u7530\u89d2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u62fe\u53d6\u6240\u907a\u843d\u7684\uff1b\u8981\u7559\u7d66\u7aae\u4eba\u548c\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u3002\u6211\u662f\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u3000\u795e\u3002<\/strong>\u300d[46]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u571f\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u53cd\u61c9\u5e73\u6642\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65bc\u4eba\u6190\u6064\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u3000\u795e\u6240\u8cdc\u4f60\u7684\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u54ea\u4e00\u5ea7\u57ce\u88cf\uff0c\u4f60\u5f1f\u5144\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7aae\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fcd\ue044\u5fc3\u3001\u63dd\u624b\u4e0d\u5e6b\u88dc\u4f60\u7aae\u4e4f\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u3002[47]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u501f\u8cb8\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u4f60\u501f\u9322\u7d66\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5411\u4ed6\u53d6\u5229\uff1b\u501f\u7ce7\u7d66\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5411\u4ed6\u591a\u8981\u3002\u6211\u662f\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u3000\u795e\uff0c\u66fe\u9818\u4f60\u5011\u5f9e\u57c3\u53ca\u5730\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u70ba\u8981\u628a\u8fe6\u5357\u5730\u8cdc\u7d66\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u8981\u4f5c\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u3000\u795e\u3002\u300d[48]<\/a> \u300c\u4f60\u501f\u7d66\u9130\u820d\uff0c\u4e0d\u62d8\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9032\u4ed6\u5bb6\u62ff\u4ed6\u7684\u7576\u982d\u3002\u8981\u7ad9\u5728\u4eba\u5bb6\u5bb6\u9580\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u7b49\u90a3\u5411\u4f60\u501f\u8cb8\u7684\u4eba\u628a\u7576\u982d\u62ff\u51fa\u4f86\u4ea4\u7d66\u4f60\u3002\u4ed6\u82e5\u662f\u7aae\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u7559\u4ed6\u7684\u7576\u982d\u904e\u591c\u3002\u65e5\u843d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7e3d\u8981\u628a\u7576\u982d\u9084\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7528\u90a3\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u84cb\ue044\u7761\u89ba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u70ba\u4f60\u795d\u798f\uff1b\u9019\u5728\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u3000\u795e\u9762\u524d\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u7fa9\u4e86\u3002[49]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767c\u653e\u5de5\u8cc7\u6642\uff0c\u4e3b\u4eba\u5c0d\u300c\u56f0\u82e6\u7aae\u4e4f\u7684\u96c7\u5de5\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u6216\u662f\u5728\u4f60\u57ce\u88cf\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b3a\u8ca0\u4ed6\u3002\u8981\u7576\u65e5\u7d66\u4ed6\u5de5\u50f9\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b49\u5230\u65e5\u843d\u2500\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7aae\u82e6\uff0c\u628a\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u5de5\u50f9\u4e0a\u2500\u6050\u6015\u4ed6\u56e0\u4f60\u6c42\u544a\u8036\u548c\u83ef\uff0c\u7f6a\u4fbf\u6b78\u4f60\u4e86\u3002[50]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u7aae\u82e6\u5be1\u5a66\u548c\u5b64\u5152\u300c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u5411\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u548c\u5b64\u5152\u5c48\u6789\u6b63\u76f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u62ff\u5be1\u5a66\u7684\u8863\u88f3\u4f5c\u7576\u982d\u3002\u8981\u8a18\u5ff5\u4f60\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u4f5c\u904e\u5974\u50d5\u3002\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u7684\u3000\u795e\u5f9e\u90a3\u88cf\u5c07\u4f60\u6551\u8d16\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5429\u5490\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u884c\u3002\u300c\u4f60\u5728\u7530\u9593\u6536\u5272\u838a\u7a3c\uff0c\u82e5\u5fd8\u4e0b\u4e00\u6346\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u53bb\u518d\u53d6\uff0c\u8981\u7559\u7d66\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u8207\u5b64\u5152\u5be1\u5a66\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u2500\u4f60\u3000\u795e\u5fc5\u5728\u4f60\u624b\u88cf\u6240\u8fa6\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u4e0a\u8cdc\u798f\u8207\u4f60\u3002[51]<\/a> \u4f60\u6253\u6a44\u6b16\u6a39\uff0c\u679d\u4e0a\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u6253\uff1b\u8981\u7559\u7d66\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u8207\u5b64\u5152\u5be1\u5a66\u3002\u4f60\u6458\u8461\u8404\u5712\u7684\u8461\u8404\uff0c\u6240\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u6458\uff1b\u8981\u7559\u7d66\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u8207\u5b64\u5152\u5be1\u5a66\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u8981\u8a18\u5ff5\u4f60\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5730\u4f5c\u904e\u5974\u50d5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5429\u5490\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u884c\u3002[52]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u95dc\u5974\u50d5\u7684\u9650\u671f\u548c\u91cb\u653e\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u82e5\u5728\u4f60\u90a3\u88cf\u6f38\u6f38\u7aae\u4e4f\uff0c\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u8ce3\u7d66\u4f60\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53eb\u4ed6\u50cf\u5974\u50d5\u670d\u4e8b\u4f60\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u5728\u4f60\u90a3\u88cf\u50cf\u96c7\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8981\u670d\u4e8b\u4f60\u76f4\u5230\u79a7\u5e74\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u79a7\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u5152\u5973\u8981\u96e2\u958b\u4f60\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u53bb\u6b78\u56de\u672c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5230\u4ed6\u7956\u5b97\u7684\u5730\u696d\u90a3\u88cf\u53bb\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u6211\u7684\u50d5\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5f9e\u57c3\u53ca\u5730\u9818\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ce3\u70ba\u5974\u50d5\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u56b4\u56b4\u5730\u8f44\u7ba1\u4ed6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u656c\u754f\u4f60\u7684\u3000\u795e\u3002[53]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5730\u4e0d\u53ef\u6c38\u8ce3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u662f\u6211\uff08\u8036\u548c\u83ef\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u5728\u6211\u9762\u524d\u662f\u5ba2\u65c5\uff0c\u662f\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u3002[54]<\/a> \u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u8981\u7576\u4f5c\u8056\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u904d\u5730\u7d66\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5ba3\u544a\u81ea\u7531\u3002[55]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u6a5f\u6703<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u5931\u843d\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u79a7\u5e74\uff08\u8056\u5e74\uff09\u4e4b\u6642\u7121\u511f\u62ff\u56de\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u7aae\u4e4f\u4e4b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ce3\u5730\u8a0e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u8ce3\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7aae\u4e4f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u5225\u8cb6\u6291\u6216\u75db\u8cac\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7aae\u4e4f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9ad4\u529b\u8870\u6557\u3001\u5bb6\u9053\u4e2d\u843d\u3001\u7537\u4e01\u4e0d\u5728\u4e86\u3001\u61f6\u60f0\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4e0d\u5e78\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\uff0c\u8056\u7d93\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u4e88\u8ffd\u554f\u3002\u300c\u4f60\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u82e5\u6f38\u6f38\u7aae\u4e4f\u300d\uff0c\u8ce3\u4e86\u5e7e\u5206\u5730\u696d\uff0c\u2026\u5230\u4e86\u79a7\u5e74\uff0c\u5730\u696d\u8981\u51fa\u8cb7\u4e3b\u7684\u624b\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4fbf\u6b78\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u696d\u3002<\/strong>[56]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5f8b\u6cd5\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u8d66\uff0c\u70ba\u8981\u4f7f\u4eba\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8a18\uff0c\u6709\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6d3b\u7d61\u4ea4\u6613\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u671f\u9593\u5408\u7406\u3001\u5920\u9577\u4e45\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee4\u8b93\u8f49\u624b\u7684\u7d93\u71df\u8005\u56e0\u71df\u904b\u5f97\u5b9c\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u767c\u9054\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u4eab\u53d7\u5176\u52de\u529b\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\uff08\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u6ce2\u52d5\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u662f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7d2f\u7a4d\u548c\u4e0d\u52de\u800c\u7372\uff0c\u9577\u4e45\u4ee3\u4ee3\u50b3\u905e\u8ca7\u5bcc\u7684\u627f\u8972\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8b93\u6574\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u51fa\u767c\u3002\u820a\u7d04\u62fe\u7a57\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6177\u6168\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u7aae\u4e4f\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u6551\u8d16\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9577\u671f\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u53d6\u56de\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u7372\u5f97\u751f\u8a08\u4f9d\u8a17\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u9032\u5165\u8fe6\u5357\u5730\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u8fe6\u5357\u7f8e\u5730\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u5f31\u52e2\u570b\u6c11\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u300230-50\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8b8a\u6210\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5236\u56e0\u800c\u5d29\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u3001\u6c38\u7e8c\u7684\u74b0\u5883<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u820a\u7d04\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u6ce8\u91cd\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u9577\u9060\u6240\u501a\u9760\u8a17\u4ed8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\u900f\u904e\u5b89\u606f\u65e5\u3001\u5b89\u606f\u5e74\u7684\u5b89\u9813\u3002\u8b93\u571f\u5730\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u5229\u672a\u8a18\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5728\u897f\u5948\u5c71\u5c0d\u6469\u897f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u66c9\u8aed\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u8aaa\uff1a\u4f60\u5011\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u6240\u8cdc\u4f60\u5011\u90a3\u5730\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5730\u5c31\u8981\u5411\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5b88\u5b89\u606f\u3002\u516d\u5e74\u8981\u8015\u7a2e\u7530\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u4fee\u7406\u8461\u8404\u5712\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u5730\u7684\u51fa\u7522\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u5730\u8981\u5b88\u8056\u5b89\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5b88\u7684\u5b89\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8015\u7a2e\u7530\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u7406\u8461\u8404\u5712\u3002\u5b89\u606f\u4f7f\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u6062\u5fa9\u5730\u529b\u990a\u5206\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u66f4\u8b93\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u4f11\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u500b\u5b89\u606f\u7684\u798f\u7949\u9084\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u8207\u4eba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u754c\uff0c\u64f4\u53ca\u5230\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\uff0c\u5730\u5728\u5b89\u606f\u5e74\u6240\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u7d66\u4f60\u548c\u4f60\u7684\u50d5\u4eba\u3001\u5a62\u5973\u3001\u96c7\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684\u5916\u4eba\u7576\u98df\u7269\u3002\u9019\u5e74\u7684\u571f\u7522\u4e5f\u8981\u7d66\u4f60\u7684\u7272\u755c\u548c\u4f60\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u8d70\u7378\u7576\u98df\u7269\u3002\u300d[57]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u518d\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\u53ca\u6c38\u7e8c\u7684\u7d93\u71df\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9577\u4e45\u3002\u300c\u4f60\u82e5\u8def\u4e0a\u9047\u898b\u9ce5\u7aa9\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u6a39\u4e0a\u6216\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u88cf\u982d\u6709\u96db\u6216\u6709\u86cb\uff0c\u6bcd\u9ce5\u4f0f\u5728\u96db\u4e0a\u6216\u5728\u86cb\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u9023\u6bcd\u5e36\u96db\u4e00\u4f75\u53d6\u53bb\u3002\u7e3d\u8981\u653e\u6bcd\uff0c\u53ea\u53ef\u53d6\u96db\uff1b\u9019\u6a23\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u798f\uff0c\u65e5\u5b50\u5f97\u4ee5\u9577\u4e45\u3002[58]<\/a> \u4e5f\u8b93\u7272\u755c\u6709\u5176\u8212\u9069\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u300c\u725b\u5728\u5834\u4e0a\u8e39\u7a40\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7c60\u4f4f\u7260\u7684\u5634\u3002\u300d[59]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8036\u7a4c\u600e\u6a23\u770b\u79a7\u5e74<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u79a7\u5e74\u56de\u6b78\u5bb6\u65cf\u571f\u5730\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6469\u897f\u6642\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c1500\u5e74\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e5f\u662f\u4ea1\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u5287\u8b8a\u5f8c\u6b78\u56de\u6545\u571f\uff0c\u5df2\u7121\u5730\u53ef\u4f9b\u300c\u6b78\u9084\u300d\u539f\u5730\u4e3b\u7684\u5883\u6cc1\uff1f\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6559\u8a13\u9084\u6709\u6548\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8056\u7d93\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u8036\u7a4c\u9032\u5165\u6703\u5802\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u300c\u8b49\u9053\u300d\u4fbf\u662f\u5ba3\u544a\u79a7\u5e74\u8499\u6085\u7d0d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u662f\u6307\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u8036\u7a4c\u4f86\u5230\u62ff\u6492\u52d2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u9577\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5728\u5b89\u606f\u65e5\uff0c\u7167\u4ed6\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u898f\u77e9\u9032\u4e86\u6703\u5802\uff0c\u7ad9\u8d77\u4f86\u8981\u5ff5\u8056\u7d93\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5148\u77e5\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u7684\u66f8\u4ea4\u7d66\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6253\u958b\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u8655\u5beb\ue044\u8aaa\uff1a\n\u300e\u4e3b\u7684\u9748\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7528\u818f\u818f\u6211\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u50b3\u798f\u97f3\u7d66\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u5dee\u9063\u6211\u5831\u544a\uff1a\u88ab\u64c4\u7684\u5f97\u91cb\u653e\uff0c\u778e\u773c\u7684\u5f97\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u53eb\u90a3\u53d7\u58d3\u5236\u7684\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5831\u544a\u3000\u795e\u6085\u7d0d\u4eba\u7684\u79a7\u5e74\u3002\u300f\u300d[60]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8036\u7a4c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\u5011\u96e2\u958b\u548c\u8ae7\u7530\u5712\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u516c\u7fa9\u751a\u9060\u4e86\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u6975\u5927\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5bcc\u8207\u8d64\u8ca7\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u8036\u7a4c\u7684\u8ac7\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e00\u6642\u5982\u7518\u9716\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u62ff\u6492\u52d2\u4eba\u8033\u4e2d\u7684\u6069\u8a00\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9031\u8f49\u5343\u842c\u9280\u5b50\u7684\u50b5\u52d9\uff08\u5341\u5104\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\uff09\uff0c\u6c92\u9322\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u5341\u5169\u9280\u5b50\uff08\u4e00\u842c\u5143\uff09\u800c\u5750\u76e3\uff0c\u501f\u8cb8\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u5dee\u5341\u842c\u500d\u3002[61]<\/a> \u6216\u8005\u88ab\u64c4\u6b78\u56de\u7684\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\u7956\u5148\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5e0c\u5f8b\u738b\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u6703\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u5bcc\u548c\u8d64\u8ca7\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f9e\u672a\u7a0d\u61c8\u3002\u8056\u7d93\u8981\u6c42\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u900f\u904e\u91cb\u653e\u540c\u80de\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u8036\u7a4c\u300c\u65bc\u662f\u628a\u66f8\u6372\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ea4\u9084\u57f7\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e0b\u3002\u6703\u5802\u88cf\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5b9a\u775b\u770b\u4ed6\u3002\u8036\u7a4c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u8aaa\uff1a\u300e\u4eca\u5929\u9019\u7d93\u61c9\u9a57\u5728\u4f60\u5011\u8033\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u300f\u773e\u4eba\u90fd\u7a31\u8b9a\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e26\u5e0c\u5947\u4ed6\u53e3\u4e2d\u6240\u51fa\u7684\u6069\u8a00..\u300d[62]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u80cc\u96e2<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6469\u897f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u58eb\u5e2b\u8a18\u6642\u4ee3\uff081400BC-1020BC\uff09\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u570b\u738b\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u571f\u5730\u8cb7\u8ce3\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u5728\u4f2f\u5229\u6046\u57ce\u90fd\u5c1a\u80fd\u843d\u5be6\uff0c\u986f\u898b\u7576\u6642\u793e\u6703\u6069\u6148\u6551\u52a9\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5d29\u89e3\u3002\u8056\u7d93\u58eb\u5e2b\u8a18\u6642\u4ee3\u5728\u4f2f\u5229\u6046\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u6ce2\u963f\u65af\u3001\u62ff\u4fc4\u7c73\u7684\u4fe1\u5fb7\u5149\u8f1d\uff0c\u670d\u81ba\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u9867\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7fa4\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9700\u8981\u7372\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u3002[63]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u7aae\u82e6\u4e4b\u4eba\uff08\u5177\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f62\u50cf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u65e5\u77ed\u671f\u4e2d\u6709\u7ce7\u98df\u53ef\u5ea6\u65e5\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u5247\u662f\uff0d\u6bcf\u5230\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u79a7\u5e74\u300d\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u8a08\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u8b8a\u5bbf\u547d\u3002\u79a7\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8b93\u50b5\u52d9\u5b8c\u5168\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5fa9\u53ef\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u53d6\u56de\u3002\u53ef\u898b\u4eba\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u5f31\u52e2\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6700\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u795e\u9020\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u83ab\u4e0d\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u7737\u4f51\u3002\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u793e\u7fa4\u8981\u56de\u5230\u65bd\u884c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5236\uff0d\u5982\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4f2f\u5229\u6046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u9031\u671f\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u5f8c\u4f86\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7e7c\u627f\u5462\uff1f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u64c1\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u512a\u826f\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u504f\u5ee2\u5462\uff1f\u516c\u5143\u524d1020\u5e74\u5927\u885b\u5efa\u570b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5b85\u6236\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u8fd1\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5927\u885b\u738b\u671d\u5efa\u570b200\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u516c\u5143\u524d720\u5e74\u7684\u5e0c\u897f\u5bb6\u738b\u548c\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\u537b\u5df2\u7d93\u986f\u660e\u51fa\u4f86\u3002[64]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f7c\u6642\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u571f\u5730\u623f\u5c4b\u7092\u4f5c\u53b2\u5bb3\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u50c5\u6709\u8868\u9762\u4e4b\u7e41\u69ae\uff0c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6210\u70ba\u5f37\u52e2\u4fb5\u51cc\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u958b\u59cb\u80cc\u96e2\u6469\u897f\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5148\u77e5\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u65a5\u8cac\u570b\u6c11\uff0c\u300c\u798d\u54c9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u623f\u63a5\u623f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5730\u9023\u5730\u7684\u6709\u798d\u4e86\u3002[65]<\/a> \u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u2500\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u559c\u611b\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u6068\u60e1\u6436\u596a\u548c\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff1b\u6211\u8981\u6191\u8aa0\u5be6\u65bd\u884c\u5831\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u8207\u6211\u7684\u767e\u59d3\u7acb\u6c38\u7d04\u3002\u300d[66]<\/a> \u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8\u65a5\u8cac\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u9677\u5165\u56b4\u91cd\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u7a31\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u5bcc\u6709\u8005\u571f\u5730\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u623f\u63a5\u623f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5730\u9023\u5730\u300d\u8ca7\u5bcc\u56b4\u91cd\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u5be6\u5982\u5f8c\u4f86\u5148\u77e5\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u4eba\u662f\u80cc\u96e2\u3001\u525d\u596a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7acb\u8db3\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5f8b\u6cd5\u554a\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u570b\u5bb6\u80cc\u96e2\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8caa\u5a6a\u662f\u5f9e\u571f\u5730\u596a\u53d6\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u5f4c\u8fe6\u8aaa\u300c\u4ed6\u5011\u8caa\u5716\u7530\u5730\u5c31\u4f54\u64da\uff0c\u8caa\u5716\u623f\u5c4b\u4fbf\u596a\u53d6\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u6b3a\u58d3\u4eba\uff0c\u9738\u4f54\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u7522\u696d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5982\u6b64\u8aaa\uff1a\u6211\u7c4c\u5283\u707d\u798d\u964d\u8207\u9019\u65cf\uff1b\u9019\u798d\u5728\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u9838\u9805\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u300d[67]<\/a> \u4e0a\u5e1d\u5fc5\u7136\u5831\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u2500\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u559c\u611b\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u6068\u60e1\u6436\u596a\u548c\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff1b\u6211\u8981\u6191\u8aa0\u5be6\u65bd\u884c\u5831\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u8207\u6211\u7684\u767e\u59d3\u7acb\u6c38\u7d04\u3002\u300d[68]<\/a> \u7576\u7136\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u4ea6\u4e0d\u9867\u5176\u906d\u9047\u4ea1\u570b\u4e4b\u5be9\u5224\u4e86\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d586\u5e74\u7336\u5927\u9996\u90fd\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u88ab\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u6240\u653b\u7834\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u504f\u96e2\u571f\u5730\u6b63\u7fa9\u800c\u6ec5\u4ea1\u3002
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c3\u3001\u8056\u7d93\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\uff0d\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u65bc\u83ef\u4eba\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0d\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u572819\u4e16\u7d00\u5927\u897f\u9032\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5f9e\u5370\u5730\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u7121\u571f\u5730\u7522\u6b0a\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5e02\u5834\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u88ab\u767d\u4eba\u4f54\u9818\u3001\u74dc\u5206\u3001\u5283\u5b9a\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u521d\u671f\u8fb2\u5730\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u57ce\u93ae\u8208\u8d77\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u57ce\u93ae\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u800c\u9435\u8def\u7684\u5efa\u8a2d\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u57ce\u93ae\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5f71\u97ff\u571f\u5730\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u50f9\u683c\u7684\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u57ce\u93ae\u5167\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u8a2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u9023\u63a5\u57ce\u93ae\u7684\u9435\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u7b49\uff09\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5171\u5efa\u8a2d\u3001\u6cbb\u5b89\u3001\u8207\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u984d\u5916\u5229\u76ca\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u525b\u597d\u4f54\u8457\u57ce\u93ae\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u7d66\u4eab\u53d7\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u6c92\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4e3b\u5f35\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u500b\u5225\u5730\u4e3b\u6240\u81f4\u7684\u571f\u5730\u589e\u503c\u61c9\u8a72\u6b78\u516c\u3002\u4ed6\u8003\u616e\u904e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5168\u570b\u571f\u5730\u6536\u70ba\u570b\u6709\uff0c\u518d\u5c07\u4e4b\u79df\u7d66\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c31\u571f\u5730\u5e74\u503c\u8ab2\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u5730\u79df\u7a05\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eca\u65e5\u5169\u6975\u5316\uff0d\u5927\u5bcc\u8207\u8d64\u8ca7\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5230\u8655\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u666e\u4e16\u6108\u767c\u9054\uff0c\u8ca7\u7aae\u6108\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u57281879\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300c\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u57281879\u5e74\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5927\u653e\u5149\u8292\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\uff0c\u5728\u934d\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7684\u5de8\u5bcc\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u88ab\u767c\u63da\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f71\u97ff\u7f8e\u3001\u6b50\u3001\u6fb3\u5404\u5927\u6d32\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u570b\u9769\u547d\u5148\u8ce2\u751a\u6df1\u3002\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u767c\u73fe\u571f\u5730\u554f\u984c\u662f\u7576\u524d\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\u554f\u984c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63a8\u52d5\u55ae\u4e00\u7a05\u5236\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u570b\u7236\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u571f\u5730\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u300c\u571f\u5730\u570b\u6709\u800c\u6c11\u7528\u300d\u300c\u5e73\u5747\u5730\u6b0a\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6b64\u7686\u70ba\u7ad9\u5728\u8056\u7d93\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u5de8\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u5091\u5f17\u905c\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u8ce6\u4e88\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u525d\u596a\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6b0a\u5229\u662f\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u201d\u3002[69]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u820a\u7d04\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u5148\u77e5\u8aaa\u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u2500\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u559c\u611b\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u6068\u60e1\u6436\u596a\u548c\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff1b\u6211\u8981\u6191\u8aa0\u5be6\u65bd\u884c\u5831\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u8207\u6211\u7684\u767e\u59d3\u7acb\u6c38\u7d04\u3002\u300d[70]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8056\u7d93\u8ad6\u5230\u5f9e\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u8a13 \u300c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u8981\u7576\u4f5c\u8056\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u904d\u5730\u7d66\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5ba3\u544a\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u300d\u7f8e\u570b\u8cbb\u57ce\u7368\u7acb\u9418\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u9298\u523b\u300cProclaim Liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants\nthereof\u3002\u300d[71]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u570b\u7236\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u7814\u8b80\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u81f3\u6df1\uff0c\u5982\u7372\u81f3\u5bf6\u3002\u4ed6\u9019\u6a23\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u96dc\u8a8c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u7562\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u4fc3\u9032\u5168\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u8cb4\u570b\u7684\u55ae\u7a05\u8ad6\u8005\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c07\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6539\u9769\u7db1\u9818\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u7dad\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\u571f\u5730\u7a05\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6975\u70ba\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u5408\u7406\u548c\u5747\u5e73\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7a05\u5236\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u64da\u6b64\u64ec\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5e7e\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u70ba\u6eff\u6e05\u5229\u76ca\u5fb5\u6536\u7684\u82db\u6350\u96dc\u7a05\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7a05\u5236\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002\u5fb5\u6536\u5408\u7406\u7684\u571f\u5730\u55ae\u4e00\u7a05\uff0c\u5c07\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u64e0\u8eab\u6587\u660e\u570b\u5bb6\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5207\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6c7a\u5fc3\u63a1\u7d0d\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u5207\u5929\u7136\u5be6\u5229\u6b78\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u6709\u3002\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u79c1\u4eba\u8cc7\u672c\u900f\u904e\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u7269\u8cc7\u548c\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u4f86\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u5fb5\u7a05\u548c\u525d\u524a\u3002\u63a1\u53d6\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u9805\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5c07\u662f\u78ba\u947f\u7121\u7591\u7684\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u52e4\u52de\u7684\u3001\u71b1\u611b\u548c\u5e73\u548c\u660c\u76db\u7e41\u69ae\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5fc5\u5c07\u8301\u58ef\u6210\u9577\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u300d<\/em>[72]<\/a> \u53c8\u8aaa\u300c\u82e5\u80fd\u5c07\u5e73\u5747\u5730\u6b0a\u505a\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\u5df2\u6210\u4e03\u516b\u5206\u4e86\u3002\u518d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u767c\u5c55\u5de5\u5546\u5be6\u696d\uff0c\u4f7f\u570b\u5bb6\u81fb\u65bc\u6c11\u5bcc\u570b\u5f37\u2026\u300d<\/em>[73]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6545\u53ef\u8aaa\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4ee5\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u5b78\u8aaa\u70ba\u85cd\u672c\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4ea8\u5229\u53c8\u662f\u672c\u65bc\u8056\u7d93\u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u555f\u767c\u3002\u5728\u7576\u524d\u73fe\u5be6\u793e\u6703\u504f\u96e2\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8056\u7d93\uff0d\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\uff0d\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e00\u8108\u76f8\u627f\u4e4b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u7576\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u8d70\u5411\u5169\u6975\u5316\uff0c\u5be6\u4fc2\u6240\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u4e0d\u5bb9\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u623f\u8207\u5730\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u8150\u8755\u570b\u6c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u653f\u7684\u798f\u7949\u6642\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u623f\u5c4b\u3001\u571f\u5730\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u8a08\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5929\u8ce6\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8d85\u8d8a\u6642\u7a7a\u4e09\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u767c\u73fe\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u9032\u5165\u8fe6\u5357\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4f9d\u6469\u897f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u548c\u6190\u61ab\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5982\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767e\u9918\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5927\u9678\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u83ef\u4eba\u5730\u5340\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8ca1\u5bcc\u554f\u984c\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7a2e\u7a2e\u60b2\u60c5\uff0c\u5747\u6210\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u53ef\u627f\u64d4\u4e4b\u91cd\u3002\u800c\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u548c\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u8ce2\u5df2\u7d93\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u689d\u56de\u6b78\u8056\u7d93\u8655\u7406\u571f\u5730\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u667a\u6167\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5584\u76e1\u4f7f\u7528\u767c\u5c55\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u767c\u9054\u548c\u5747\u5e73\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c07\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1880\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u5370\u884c\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u9810\u898b\u4e86\u5373\u5c07\u8f5f\u52d5\u5168\u7403\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u572821\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5176\u898b\u5730\u4ecd\u70af\u7136\u7167\u8000\u7576\u4ee3\u83ef\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\uff0d\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u53ca\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ea8\u5229\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5730\u79df\uff0c\u5728\u96a8\u8457\u6709\u7d93\u6fdf\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u96a8\u5373\u7a81\u986f\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u5728\u5169\u584a\u4e0d\u540c\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u6295\u5165\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7522\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u571f\u5730\u751f\u5831\u916c\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u8a72\uff08\u8f03\u512a\u826f\uff09\u571f\u5730\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5730\u79df\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u8a72\u662f\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u7247\u571f\u5730\u4fbf\u53ef\u4e0d\u52de\u800c\u7372\u5730\u9577\u671f\u6536\u53d6\u5831\u916c\uff08\u79df\u91d1\uff09\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u5c07\u8a72\u7d93\u6fdf\u5730\u79df\u793e\u6703\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u516c\u6709\u6216\u8005\u79c1\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6d1e\u5bdf\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u793e\u6703\u9032\u6b65\u589e\u503c\u4e0d\u61c9\u843d\u5165\u50c5\u56e0\u64c1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u975e\u56e0\u500b\u4eba\u6539\u826f\u52aa\u529b\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u571f\u5730\u7684\u589e\u503c\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u8ab2\u7a05\u3001\u6536\u6b78\u516c\u6709\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0a\u5929\u4e4b\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u5229\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u6240\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5be6\u8e10\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u8207\u56f0\u5883<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u5c0d\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u52de\u800c\u7372\u8981\u6c42\u5e73\u5747\u5730\u6b0a\uff0c\u6b64\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u5f97\u5230\u6975\u5927\u7684\u8ff4\u97ff\u3002\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u30021946\u5e74\u9084\u901a\u904e\u6210\u70ba\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c07\u5411\u571f\u5730\u8ab2\u5fb5\u589e\u503c\u7a05\u3002\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5370\u8b49\uff1a\u57281950-1980\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6b77\u6230\u5f8c\u5e73\u7a69\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u51fa\u53e3\u5e36\u52d5\u5916\u532f\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5728\u8523\u7d93\u570b\u5b89\u606f\u6642\u9054\u5230600\u5104\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u5916\u532f\u5b58\u5e95\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u589e\u52a0\u767c\u884c\u4e86\u65b0\u53f0\u5e6324000\u5104\u53f0\u5e63\u3002\u900f\u904e5\u500d\u7684\u4e58\u6578\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a72\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u6d2a\u6d41\uff0c\u4fbf\u8db3\u4ee5\u9020\u6210\u5f7c\u6642\u80a1\u50f9\u3001\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u4e0a\u6f32\u7684\u5145\u5206\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u662f\u6642\u6709\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u9322\u6df9\u8173\u76ee\u300d\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u602a\u8b5a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u7a2e\u6c11\u9593\u5438\u91d1\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u516c\u51431924(\u6c11\u570b13)\u5e74\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u624b\u8457\u5efa\u570b\u5927\u7db1\u7b2c\u5341\u689d\uff1a\u300c\u6bcf\u7e23\u958b\u5275\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u898f\u5b9a\u5168\u7e23\u79c1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4e4b\u50f9\uff0c\u5176\u6cd5\u7531\u5730\u4e3b\u81ea\u5831\u4e4b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5247\u7167\u50f9\u5fb5\u7a05\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u96a8\u6642\u7167\u50f9\u6536\u8cb7\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u6b21\u5831\u50f9\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u82e5\u571f\u5730\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u9032\u6b65\u800c\u589e\u50f9\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u7576\u70ba\u5168\u7e23\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u4e3b\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u79c1\u4e4b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da1947(\u6c11\u570b36.1.1)\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c143\u689d(\u571f\u5730\u653f\u7b56)\u300c\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u9818\u571f\u5167\u4e4b\u571f\u5730\u5c6c\u65bc\u570b\u6c11\u5168\u9ad4\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u4f9d\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e4b\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\uff0c\u61c9\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\u8207\u9650\u5236\u3002\u79c1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u61c9\u7167\u50f9\u7d0d\u7a05\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e26\u5f97\u7167\u50f9\u6536\u8cb7\u3002\u9644\u8457\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u4e4b\u7926\uff0c\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u53ef\u4f9b\u516c\u773e\u5229\u7528\u4e4b\u5929\u7136\u529b\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4e0d\u56e0\u4eba\u6c11\u53d6\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u800c\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u571f\u5730\u50f9\u503c\u975e\u56e0\u65bd\u4ee5\u52de\u529b\u8cc7\u672c\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u5fb5\u6536\u571f\u5730\u589e\u503c\u7a05\uff0c\u6b78\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u4eab\u4e4b\u3002<\/strong>\u300d[74]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7121\u8ad6\u5c31\u5efa\u570b\u5927\u7db1\u6216\u8005\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5747\u6df1\u53d7\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u4e00\u66f8\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u751a\u660e\u986f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c07\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5730\u79df\u300d\u6216\u8005\u5c07\u300c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4e0d\u52de\u800c\u7372\u300d\u4e88\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u8ab2\u7a05\uff0c\u4f7f\u6f32\u50f9\u6b78\u516c\u843d\u5be6\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u662f\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7576\u6642\u570b\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u9cf4\u3002\u60df\u6839\u64da\u674e\u5609\u5716\u5dee\u5225\u5730\u79df\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6b64\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5730\u79df\u300d\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u9577\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u624d\u6703\u7279\u5225\u660e\u986f\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u6216\u8005\u6574\u9ad4\u96d6\u5c6c\u843d\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6700\u70ba\u5feb\u901f\u767c\u9054\u7684\u5730\u5c40\u90e8\u5730\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u6240\u773c\u898b\u300c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u9ec3\u6d66\u7058\u908a\u7684\u5730\u672c\u7121\u751a\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f86\u7adf\u52a0\u81f3\u6bcf\u755d\u767e\u6578\u5341\u842c\u5143\u300d\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002[75]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56de\u98671980\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u8fb2\u6751\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u5345\u5e74\u4e4b\u5c0f\u5eb7\u793e\u6703\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u60df\u7576\u9032\u5165\u5feb\u901f\u767c\u5c55\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c1980\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u7531\u51fa\u53e3\u5e36\u4f86\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63\u767c\u884c\u91cf\u8fc5\u901f\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u6e38\u8cc7\u958b\u59cb\u6cdb\u6feb\uff0c\u9042\u4f7f\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u958b\u59cb\u4e0a\u6f32\u3002\u96d6\u6709\u61b2\u6cd5143\u689d\u571f\u5730\u61c9\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u5fb5\u6536\u571f\u5730\u589e\u503c\u7a05\u7684\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u516c\u544a\u50f9\u683c\u4e26\u975e\u9010\u5e74\u4f9d\u64da\u5e02\u5834\u5ba2\u89c0\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ea4\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6c11\u610f\u6a5f\u95dc\u5be9\u8b70\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e02\u5834\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4ea4\u6613\u8a18\u9304\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u53c8\u5c07\u6bcf\u5e7e\u5e74\u571f\u5730\u516c\u544a\u73fe\u503c\u6838\u5b9a\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5404\u7d1a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6c11\u610f\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u4efb\u5176\u6020\u968b\u5ef6\u5b95\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u516c\u544a\u73fe\u503c\u9042\u8207\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u683c\u812b\u7bc0\u65e5\u751a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u544a\u73fe\u503c\u50c5\u7d04\u70ba\u5e02\u50f9\u4e4b1\/3\u3002\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6b63\u7fa9\u6b64\u6642\u8569\u7136\u7121\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1991\u5e74\u738b\u5efa\u714a\u4efb\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u90e8\u9577\u6642\uff0c\u5411\u570b\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u64ec\u6309\u5be6\u50f9\u8ab2\u5fb5\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7a05\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u70ba\u674e\u767b\u8f1d\u7e3d\u7d71\uff0c\u7f54\u9867\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c07\u738b\u90e8\u9577\u4e88\u4ee5\u514d\u8077\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5916\u50b3\u300c\u5916\u7701\u4eba\u90e8\u9577\u8981\u596a\u672c\u7701\u4eba\u7684\u571f\u5730\u300d\u3002\u6545\u8fd1\u5345\u5e74\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6821\u6b63\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u55aa\u5931\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u793e\u6703\u8d70\u5411\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7684\u96b1\u6182\uff0c\u9042\u4e00\u767c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6536\u62fe\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u807d\u5f9e\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u5176\u623f\u5730\u7522\u5e74\u7e73\u7a05\u8ce6\uff0c\u7d04\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u570b\u5bb6\u76841\/30\uff0c\u6f32\u50f9\u6b78\u516c\u6210\u70ba\u7a7a\u8ac7\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u623f\u50f9\u9ad8\u6f32\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u3001\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u5b89\u52a0\u5287\uff0c24\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9020\u6210\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u65bc\u623f\u3001\u5730\u5206\u958b\u8a55\u5b9a\u504f\u96e2\u5e02\u50f9\u592a\u9060\uff0c\u53f0\u70632015\u5e74\u7da2\u7e46\u8ab2\u7a05\u800c\u63a8\u52d5\u623f\u5730\u5be6\u50f9\u767b\u9304\uff0c\u5180\u5716\u8abf\u6574\u504f\u96e2\u8ca1\u653f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8ca1\u7522\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u7d20\u5730\u6f32\u50f9\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5730\u50f9\u7a05\u8ddf\u571f\u5730\u589e\u503c\u7a05\u6709\u5730\u50f9\u5982\u4f55\u8a55\u5b9a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56b4\u91cd\u4f4e\u4f30\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u73fe\u884c\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7a05\u7387\u96e2\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5be6\u5728\u592a\u9060\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5012\u5411\u5730\u4e3b\u8207\u5730\u7522\u5546\u7684\u865b\u507d\u6539\u9769\u3002[76]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5be6\u8e10<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6839\u64da\u300c\u6f32\u50f9\u6b78\u516c\u300d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u674e\u5149\u8000\u8ddf\u4ed6\u7684\u5b98\u54e1\uff0c\u57281965\u5e74\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7368\u7acb\u524d\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52d5\u9ee8\u4e0a\u53f0\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u8ac7\u8a71\u4e0a\u50be\u5411\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u674e\u5149\u8000\u57281964\u5e74\u5c0d\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u8b70\u6703\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u2026 no private landowner should\nbenefit from development which had taken place at public expense;\u2026 the price paid on the acquisition for public purposes should not be\nhigher than what the land would have been worth had the Government not\ncontemplated development generally in the area.\u300d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u571f\u5730\u589e\u503c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u82b1\u4e86\u7d0d\u7a05\u4eba\u7684\u9322\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5efa\u8a2d\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u589e\u503c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u61c9\u843d\u5165\u79c1\u4eba\u5730\u4e3b\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u6536\u8cfc\u571f\u5730\u7684\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u9ad8\u65bc\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u95dc\u958b\u767c\u8a08\u756b\u4e0b\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u57281966\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u4ee5\u767c\u5c55\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u8a2d\u70ba\u7531\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u6536\u8cfc\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u57281973\u5e74\uff0c\u4fee\u8a02\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u6536\u8cfc\u6cd5\u6848\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u689d\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u81bd\u5730\u4ee5\u4f9d\u64da\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff1a\u5f9e\u6b64\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u6536\u8cfc\u50f9\u683c\u5c31\u8a02\u57281973\u7684\u5e02\u50f9\uff01[77]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6536\u8cfc\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u570b\u6709\u571f\u5730\u5f9e1960\u5e74\u768444%\uff08\u57281973\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u6536\u8cfc\u571f\u5730\uff09\u5230\u4e862005\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u4e8685~90%\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u8cb7\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u571f\u5730\u4f5c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u5171\u5efa\u8a2d\u7528\u5730\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u84cb\u516c\u5171\u4f4f\u5b85\uff08\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4eba\u7a31\u7d44\u5c4b\uff09\u3002\u800c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4f4f\u5728\u7d44\u5c4b\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5f9e1960\u5e74\u76848%\u52302013\u5e74\u768482%\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u9ad8\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4f4f\u5b85\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u662f\u7d55\u7121\u50c5\u6709\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7d44\u5c4b\u5c45\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u670995%\u662f\u64c1\u6709\uff0c\u53ea\u67095%\u662f\u79df\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u64c1\u6709\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8cfc\u8cb799\u5e74\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6b0a\uff08lease-hold\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u6301\u6709\u8005\u9084\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u300299\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u9577\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8cb7\u8ce3\u7684\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4eba\u8cb7\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7684\u7d44\u5c4b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4f4e\u65bc\u5e02\u50f9\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u8cb7\u5165\uff0c\u6709\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f49\u624b\u3002\u4e94\u5e74\u5f8c\u8f49\u624b\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8cfa\u4e00\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u674e\u5149\u8000\u662f\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5730\u4e3b\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u5927\u91cf\u62ff\u4f86\u84cb\u7d44\u5c4b\uff0c\u8b93\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4eba\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f4e\u50f9\u8cb7\u5165\u4f4f\u5c4b\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u63db\u79c1\u4eba\u4f4f\u5b85\u7684\u6642\u5019\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5957\u5229\u300282%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9664\u4e86\u4e2d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u52ab\u5bcc\u6fdf\u8ca7\u8207\u6fdf\u4e2d\u7522\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u91cd\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u6279\u8a55\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u6bb5\u95dc\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u8ddf\u7d44\u5c4b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u6279\u8a55\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a00\u8ad6\u8207\u96c6\u6703\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u57f7\u653f\u9ee8\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52d5\u9ee8\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u652f\u6301\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u7a74\u4f86\u98a8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u662f\u863f\u8514\u8207\u68cd\u5b50\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u7d44\u5c4b\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u863f\u8514\u3002[78]<\/a>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8086\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u571f\u5730\u662f\u8ca1\u5bcc\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8ab2\u984c<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4eca\u5929\u4e16\u754c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4eba\u5011\u81ea\u5f9e\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7d93\u6b77\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u5340\u4e00\u65e6\u812b\u96e2\u7f85\u65af\u6258\u6240\u7a31\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u793e\u6703\u300d[79]<\/a> \u7684\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9ad8\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u58d3\u529b\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u8212\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u958b\u59cb\u9b06\u7d81\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u5165\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u5275\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\u4f3c\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u596e\u4e00\u5982\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u9032\u5165\u8fe6\u5357\u7f8e\u5730\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5929\u8ce6\u7684\u5275\u9020\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u91cb\u653e\u3002\u9084\u7d66\u8d77\u521d\u4eba\u985e\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f55\u7b49\u7f8e\u597d\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u8b39\u5b88\u9075\u884c\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u9577\u6cbb\u4e45\u5b89\uff0c\n\u6c38\u4e16\u5176\u660c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u9700\u843d\u5be6\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff1a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u7d66\u4e88\u3001\u6c38\u7e8c\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002\n\u800c\u8207\u4eba\u6027\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u8caa\u5a6a\u76f8\u62ee\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5728\u6b64\u4fe1\u8cf4\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5118\u91cf\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\uff08\u8fb2\u696d\uff09\u9032\u884c\u6539\u826f\u548c\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u7121\u865e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f86\u81ea\u653f\u6b0a\u7b49\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u5e72\u9810\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c0f\u8fb2\u9032\u884c\u6295\u8cc7\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u7e41\u69ae\u8fb2\u696d\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6fc0\u52f5\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u9ede\u5728\u8ad6\u53ca\u7576\u4ee3\u571f\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u6548\u6cd5\u79a7\u5e74\u6e96\u5247\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u5275\u610f\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u7cbe\u795e\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u70ba\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u57f7\u884c\u623f\u7522\u7a05\u6536\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u9054\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u8c50\u5bcc\u8ca1\u6e90\uff0c\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u512a\u826f\u793e\u5340\u898f\u5283\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4f4f\u5b85\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u6c11\u9577\u9060\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u548c\u907f\u514d\u571f\u5730\u623f\u7522\u7092\u4f5c\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u6240\u8a72\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21\u4e16\u7d00\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u6aa2\u9a57\u6240\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8996\u5206\u914d\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002\u6cd5\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb621\u4e16\u7d00\u8cc7\u672c\u8ad6\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u76ae\u51f1\u8fea\uff08Thomas Piketty\uff09\u7e3d\u7d50\u7576\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u300d\uff08Unsustainable Inequalities\uff09\u3002[81]<\/a> \u60df\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9023\u63a5\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u548c\u76ae\u51f1\u8fea\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u53ef\u754f\u61fc\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5373\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u6b63\u56e0\u5ffd\u7565\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4e0d\u52de\u800c\u7372\u7684\u4e0d\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4efb\u6191\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u83ef\u4eba\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u6216\u8005\u623f\u7522\u90fd\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u5404\u8a72\u570b\u5bb6\u4e0d\u7fa9\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9700\u56de\u5230\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u91cd\u62fe\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u3001\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u524d\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e2d\u843d\u5be6\u516c\u7fa9\u53ca\u6190\u61ab\u3001\u6821\u6b63\u6211\u5011\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u84cb\u60df\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u667a\u6167\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u767c\u63da\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u5e36\u4f86\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9577\u6cbb\u4e45\u5b89\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u7336\u592a\u8056\u7d93\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8207\u7cbe\u9ad3\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u7d66\u570b\u6c11\u66d9\u5149\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u7d66\u570b\u5bb6\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u73fe\u5728\u5404\u570b\uff0f\u4e16\u4eba\u6240\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5462\uff1f
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.       \nHENRY\nGEORGE BIRTHPLACE\uff0cArchive and Historical Research Center\uff0c\u201cThe\nLast Tax\u201d Introduction, By Alexandra Wagner Lough, August 2013. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.       \nThe Last\nTax: Henry George and the Social Politics of Land Reform in the Gilded Age and\nProgressive Era , By alexandra Wagner Lough, August 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.       \nIncome,\nInequality and Housing Policies in Superstar Cities, Mar 26, 2015\uff0cby\nProfessor Phang Sock Yong who compared income inequality and housing\naffordability between Singapore with other Superstar Cities in the Celia Moh\nProfessorial Chair Public Lecture<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.       \nHow Land\nBarons, Industrialists, and Bankers Corrupted Economics, By Deirdre Kent,\nMar.,2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.       \nHernando\nde Soto,The Mystery of Capital(\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6), Finance and Development\n38,no.1(March 2001)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.       \n21\u4e16\u7d00\u8cc7\u672c\u8ad6\uff0cCapital\nin the Twenty-First Century, by Thomas Piketty(\u76ae\u51f1\u8fea),\nThe Belknap Press of Harvard University Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.       \n\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300b\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928\uff0c2016.6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.       \n\u8056\u7d93\u5229\u672a\u8a18\u3001\u7533\u547d\u8a18\u3001\u8def\u5f97\u8a18\u3001\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8\u3001\u963f\u6469\u65af\u66f8\u3001\u5f4c\u8fe6\u66f8\u3001\u4f55\u897f\u963f\u66f8\u3001\u7bb4\u8a00<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.       \n\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u820a\u7d04\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u571f\u5730\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u502b\u7406\uff0cChristopher Wright\u8457\uff0c\u9ec3\u9f8d\u5149\u8b6f\uff0c\u6821\u5712\u66f8\u623f\uff0c2011.02<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.   \n\u66fe\u90b5\u6137 \u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u4e4b\u539f\u8c8c\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\uff0c2016.10, \u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u5206\u914d\u8207\u5206\u4eab\u6587\u8f2f\uff0c\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u734e\u502b\u7406\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11.   \n\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u7fa9\u8207\u4e0d\u7fa9\uff0c\u80e1\u696d\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8207\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6587\u8f2f\uff0c2011.5 \u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12.   \n\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u55ae\u7a05\u8ad6\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u590f\u826f\u624d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13.   \n\u8ad6\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u8207\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\uff0c\u590f\u826f\u624d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14.   \n\u56f0\u800c\u601d\u8b8a\u2014\u6dfa\u6790\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u55ac\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5bae\u66c9\u6668\uff0c\u5c71\u6771\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15.   \n\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6d3b\u52d5\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5bae\u66c9\u6668\uff0c\u5c71\u6771\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\uff0c2010.4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16.   \n\u674e\u5149\u8000\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u6eab\u67d4\u2500\u2500\u5f9e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u770b\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u865b\u507d\u7a05\u6539, \u8a31\u6587\u6cf0\uff0c2015.4.20\u5929\u4e0b\u96dc\u8a8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17.   \n\u79a7\u5e74\u6587\u8f2f \u623f\u5c4b\u8207\u571f\u5730\uff1a\u8056\u7d93\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703 2014.11\u5929\u6069\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18.   \n\u5bcc\u8207\u8ca7\uff0d\u7576\u4ee3\u79a7\u5e74\u6559\u8a13\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u80e1\u696d\u6c11\uff0c\u79a7\u5e74\u6587\u8f2f\n\u5bcc\u8207\u8ca7\uff1a\u502b\u7406\u8207\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u53cd\u601d 2013.11\u5929\u6069\u51fa\u7248\u793e
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a>\u8056\u7d93 \u5229\u672a\u8a1825\u7ae023\u7bc0\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a>\u8056\u7d93 \u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f85:8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a>\u8056\u7d93 \u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8 61:8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a>\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u8ca7\u56f0\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u7bc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u7bc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a>\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u5168\u96c6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377319\u9801<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a>\u5433\u96c1\u5357\u7b49\u7de8\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u601d\u6f6e1840-1949\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u9577\u6c99\u6e56\u5357\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998:p.529<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a>\u8a31\u6587\u6cf0\uff1a\u674e\u5149\u8000\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u6eab\u67d4\u2500\u2500\u5f9e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u770b\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u865b\u507d\u7a05\u65392015\/04\/20\u4f5c\u8005: \u8a31\u6587\u6cf0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825\u7ae023\u7bc0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825\u7ae01-12\u7bc0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a>\u66fe\u90b5\u6137 \u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u4e4b\u539f\u8c8c\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\uff0c2016.10, \u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u5206\u914d\u8207\u5206\u4eab\u6587\u8f2f\uff0c\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u734e\u502b\u7406\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a>\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u7fa9\u8207\u4e0d\u7fa9\uff0c\u80e1\u696d\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8207\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6587\u8f2f\uff0c\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> The Last Tax: Henry George and the Social Politics of Land Reform\nin the Gilded Age and Progressive Era  by Alexandra Wagner Lough\nAugust,2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a>\u4edd\u4e0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> The Last Tax: Henry George and the Social Politics of Land Reform\nin the Gilded Age and Progressive Era  by Alexandra Wagner Lough\nAugust,2013, p.54<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a>\u4edd\u4e0aP.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Henry George, Jr., The Life of Henry George (New York: Doubleday\nand McClure Company, 1900), 210. Henry George also discusses this experience in\nBook II, Chapter V of The Science of the Political Economy, Reprint (New York:\nRobert Schalkenbach Foundation, 1992), 163.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Charles A Madison, Critics & Crusaders: A century of American\nProtest.\u5f15\u81ea\u56f0\u800c\u601d\u8b8a\uff0d\u6dfa\u6790\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5bae\u66c9\u6668\uff0c2010.4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a>\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279.\u6d77\u723e\u5e03\u7f85\u7d0d\uff0c\u5e7e\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u3001\u6642\u4ee3\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928\uff0c1994:173-181<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a>\u4edd\u8a3b13<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a>\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u2022\u6d77\u723e\u5e03\u7f85\u7d0d.\u5e7e\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u3001\u6642\u4ee3\u548c\u601d\u60f3[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928,1994:173-181.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Aharon H. Shapiro.Moses-Henry George\u2019s Inspiration[J].American\nJournal of Hconomics and Sociology, Vol. 47, No. 4:10th,1988. \u5f15\u81ea2010\u201d\u56f0\u800c\u601d\u8b8a\uff0d\u6dfa\u6790\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u55ac\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u201d \u5bae\u66c9\u6668<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a>\u522925:10\uff5e24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a>\u6c1126:52\uff5e56<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a>\u522925:23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u820a\u7d04\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u571f\u5730\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u502b\u7406\uff0cp250,\nChristopher Wright\u8457\uff0c\u9ec3\u9f8d\u5149\u8b6f\uff0c\u6821\u5712\u66f8\u623f\uff0c2011.02<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a>\u7533\u547d\u8a18 4:1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a>\u7533\u547d\u8a18 4:7-8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a18\u5eff\u4e94\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a>\u8def\u5f97\u8a18\u7b2c2\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a>\u6709\u95dc\u79a7\u5e74\u56db\u9805\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u898b\u201d\u5bcc\u8207\u8ca7\uff0d\u7576\u4ee3\u79a7\u5e74\u6559\u8a13\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u201d\uff0c \u80e1\u696d\u6c11\uff0c \u79a7\u5e74\u6587\u8f2f\n\u5bcc\u8207\u8ca7\uff1a\u502b\u7406\u8207\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5929\u6069\u51fa\u7248\u793e 2013.11)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825\u7ae013-17\u7bc0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825\u7ae06-7\u7bc0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a>\u7bb4\u8a0011:1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a>\u7533 25:14-15<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a>\u4f55\u897f\u963f\u66f8 12:7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a>\u963f\u6469\u53f8\u66f8 8:5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825\u7ae0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a>\u753315:11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825:39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a>\u7533\u547d\u8a18 15:11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a>\u7533\u547d\u8a18 15:5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a>\u8a6941:1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a>\u7bb4\u8a00 19:17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a18 25:3-7, 19:10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a18 23:22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a>\u7533\u547d\u8a18 15:7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a18 25:37-43<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a>\u7533 24:10-15<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a>\u7533 24:14-15<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a>\u753324:17-19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a>\u753324:20-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a>\u522925:40-43<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825:23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a18 25:10-18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a18 25:25-28<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a1825:1-6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a>\u753322:6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a>\u7533\u547d\u8a18 25:4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a>\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3 4:16-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a>\u9580\u8a13\u9662\u8a0a \u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u795e\u5b78\u5c08\u6b04\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5927\u5bcc\u8207\u8d64\u8ca7\u3000\u80e1\u696d\u6c112010.9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a>\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f34:20-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a>\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u5947\u5999\u7684\u6cd5\u5ea6\u2500\u8def\u5f97\u8a18\u8aaa\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u80e1\u696d\u6c11\u5c08\u6b04\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8ad6\u58c7\u5831<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a>\u8cfd\u5fb7\u9686 R. Sider\uff0c\u8ca1\u4e3b\u8207\u7aae\u4eba\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8207\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53f0\u798f\u50b3\u64ad\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a>\u8cfd5:8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a>\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8 61:8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a>\u5f4c\u8fe6\u66f8 2:2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a>\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8 61:8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a>\u5091\u5f17\u905c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u300a\u7368\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a>\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8 61:8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a>\u5229\u672a\u8a18 25:10-18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> Public \u7b2c16\u53771912.4.12,\u70baH.H. Rosenthel:Sun Yat-Sen and Henry George:A Reassessment,\nSino-American Relation\u7b2c11\u5377\u7b2c2\u671f1985\u8f49\u8f09\uff0c\u8bba\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e0e\u4ea8\u5229\u4e54\u6cbb\uff0c\u590f\u826f\u624d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a>\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u5168\u96c6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377318\u9801<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a>\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c143\u689d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a>\u300c\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u4e94\u6b0a\u5206\u7acb\u300d\uff0c\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u6771\u4eac\u300a\u6c11\u5831\u300b\u5275\u520a\u9031\u5e74\u6176\u795d\u5927\u6703\u7684\u6f14\u8aaa\uff0c1906.12.2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a>\u8a31\u6587\u6cf0\uff1a\u674e\u5149\u8000\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u6eab\u67d4\u2500\u2500\u5f9e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u770b\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u865b\u507d\u7a05\u6539, \u5929\u4e0b\u96dc\u8a8c2015\/04\/20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> \u4edd\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f75\u53c3INCOME INEQUALITY AND HOUSING POLICIES IN SUPERSTAR CITIES 26 Mar\n2015\uff0cby\nProfessor Phang Sock Yong who compared income inequality and housing\naffordability between Singapore with other Superstar Cities in the Celia Moh\nProfessorial Chair Public Lecture<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a>\u4edd\u4e0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> W.W. Rostow, Stages of Economic Growth,1960 \u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u968e\u6bb5\u8ad6\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Hernando de Soto,The Mystery of Capital, Finance and Development\n38,no.1(March 2001)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 21\u4e16\u7d00\u8cc7\u672c\u8ad6\uff0cby Thomas Piketty, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78 \u8ad6\u6587 \u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\uff1a\u8056\u7d93\uff0d\u4ea8\u5229\u55ac\u6cbb\u6d1e\u898b\u548c\u623f\u5730\u7522\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u89e3\u65b9 \u64b0\u5beb\u4eba\uff1a\u80e1\u696d\u6c11 \u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703  \u57f7\u884c\u8463\u4e8b\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u54e1 2017\/10\/11 \u8a8c\u8b1d \u4ee5\u6b64\u6587\u5411  \u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u8af8\u5148\u9032\u81ea\u516c\u51432000\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u61c8\u5728\u83ef\u4eba\u5404\u5730\u5340\u63a8\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u91d1\u9322\u8ca1\u5bcc\u89c0\u81f4\u656c\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,17,8,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-40","category-17","category-8","category-7"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1283"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3352,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1283\/revisions\/3352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}