{"id":1122,"date":"2018-03-22T16:42:41","date_gmt":"2018-03-22T08:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dotpower.16mb.com\/ourjubilee\/?p=1122"},"modified":"2023-03-04T19:28:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-04T11:28:57","slug":"%e5%b8%82%e5%a0%b4%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%9f%b3%ef%bc%8d%e4%b8%80%e9%9a%bb%e7%9c%8b%e4%b8%8d%e8%a6%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%89%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84\/%e8%83%a1%e6%a5%ad%e6%b0%91%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84\/%e5%b8%82%e5%a0%b4%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%9f%b3%ef%bc%8d%e4%b8%80%e9%9a%bb%e7%9c%8b%e4%b8%8d%e8%a6%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%89%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0d\u4e00\u96bb\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u624b\uff0f\u80e1\u696d\u6c11"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u80e1\u696d\u6c11<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\uff08\u79a7\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u57f7\u884c\u8463\u4e8b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u725b\u9813\uff08<\/span><\/b>1726<\/span><\/b>\u5b89\u606f\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5230\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08<\/span><\/b>1776<\/span><\/b>\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\uff09\u7684\u4e94\u5341\u5e74<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u725b\u9813\u5728<\/span>1726<\/span>\u5e74\u5b89\u606f\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5b87\u5b99\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u904b\u884c\u7684\u5967\u7955\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u689d\u4e0d\u7d0a\u3001\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6240\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u800c\u904b\u884c\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6beb\u7121\u7ae0\u6cd5\u3001\u7a81\u767c\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u5728\u795e\u5475\u8b77\u4e2d\u904b\u884c\u3001\u662f\u7f8e\u597d\u800c\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e2\u7136\u4e0a\u5929\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u53c8\u548c\u8ae7\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u5275\u9020\u5176\u5e78\u798f\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u53ef\u5faa\u5462\uff1f\u725b\u9813\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5927\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c<\/span>1776<\/span>\u5e74\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u795e\u5b78\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u8607\u683c\u862d\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e9e\u7576\u2027\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u793e\u6703\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9583\u4eae\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Adam Smith<\/span>\u4e9e\u7576\uff0e\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08\u65af\u5bc6\uff09<\/span>1723-1790<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\u897f\u6b50\u5404\u570b\u7687\u5ba4\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u7372\u53d6\u9ec3\u91d1\u767d\u9280\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u570b\u969b\u8cbf\u6613\u76f8\u4e92\u722d\u596a\uff0c\u7af6\u76f8\u63d0\u9ad8\u95dc\u7a05\u58c1\u58d8\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u672c\u4f86\u671f\u5f85\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u51fa\u53e3\u4e26\u589e\u52a0\u570b\u6c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u798f\u5229\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u537b\u76f8\u9055\u80cc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u5b87\u5b99\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6709\u4f9d\u5faa\u6cd5\u5247\u3001\u662f\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e14\u7f8e\u597d\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4eba\u985e\uff08\u5404\u570b\u5bb6\uff09\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u798f\u7949\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u7406\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f\u4e9e\u7576\u2027\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u76f4\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u904b\u4f5c\u9806\u9042\u3002<\/span>1<\/span><\/sup>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u7522\u751f\u5e02\u5834\u7f8e\u5fb7\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u6559\u6388\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\uff08<\/span>Natural Theology<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff08<\/span>Ethics<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6cd5\u5f8b\u54f2\u5b78\uff08<\/span>Jurisprudence<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\uff08\u56db\uff09\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff08<\/span>Political economy<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u5373\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\uff08\u7576\u6642\u6559\u6388\u7269\u7406\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5247\u662f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u3014\u4e00\u3015\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u3014\u4e8c\u3015\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u3014\u4e09\u3015\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\u3002\u662f\u6574\u5408\u79d1\u969b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b78\u79d1\u7d30\u5206\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff08\u502b\u7406\u3001\u795e\u5b78\u6574\u5408\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u73fe\u5728\u5b78\u79d1\u7d30\u5206\u788e\u88c2\uff09\u3002\u7576\u6642\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u662f\u53d7\u4e86\u795e\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u3002\u81f4\u4f7f\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u8a95\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u548c\u795e\u5b78\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u79e9\u5e8f\u63a2\u8a0e\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u90fd\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3002\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8ffd\u6c42\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u61c9\u7528\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9996\u5148\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ad6\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u725b\u9813\u885d\u64ca\uff1a\u795e\u5b78\uff0f\u502b\u7406\u5b78<\/span><\/b>\u2015<\/span><\/b>\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u662f\u5c0d\u5b87\u5b99\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u843d\u5be6\u800c\u4eba\u985e\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7d2f\u7a4d\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5c0b\u627e\u3002\u300c\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u5b50\u6a19\u984c\u662f\u300c\u5c0d\u5404\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5f62\u6210\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u300d\u3002\u7562\u7adf\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u798f\u7949\u589e\u52a0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u5176\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u85c9\u7531\u5206\u5de5\uff08<\/span>Specialization<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u7121\u7919\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5e78\u798f\u5f97\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4e0a\u5929\u610f\u65e8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e4\u5178\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e38\u7528\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\uff08\u6216\u6b63\u5e38\uff09\u50f9\u683c\u3001\u81ea\u7136\uff08\u6216\u6b63\u5e38\uff09\u5229\u6f64\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5de5\u8cc7\u7387\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5229\u606f\u7b49\u89c0\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5e02\u5834\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u5bb9\u8a31\u50f9\u683c\u6f32\u8dcc\uff0c\u5ee0\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u52a0\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u8005\u9577\u671f\u662f\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u6b63\u5e38\uff08\u81ea\u7136\uff09\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8d85\u984d\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u77ed\u66ab\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u4e5f\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5e02\u5834\u7522\u751f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u56fa\u70ba\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\u6240\u5c0e\u5f15\uff0c\u5fa9\u56e0\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u767c\u63ee\uff0c\u7d04\u5236\u4e86\u81ea\u79c1\u5fc3\u548c\u58df\u65b7\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u767c\u63ee\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u6709\u5176\u56de\u5fa9\u5747\u8861\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5e02\u5834\u5931\u8861\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u9677\u5165\u7d93\u6fdf\u56f0\u5883\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u512a\u5148\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u57f7\u653f\u8005\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4efb\u7531\u6216\u53ea\u7b49\u5019\u9577\u671f\u5747\u8861\u6162\u6162\u7684\u6062\u5fa9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e88\u5e72\u9810\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u51f1\u56e0\u65af\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u2026\u2026\u9577\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u8056\u7d93\u6cd5\u8001\u738b\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7d04\u745f\u5bb0\u76f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u653f\u7b56\u8abf\u5291\u5e02\u5834\u76c8\u865b\uff0c\u6276\u52a9\u570b\u5bb6\u7d93\u6fdf\u8d70\u904e\u4f4e\u6f6e\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u667a\u6167\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u6ce2\u52d5\uff0c\u7e3d\u6b78\u662f\u8981\u56de\u6b78\u5747\u8861\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u8cb4\u751f\u5b58\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u82e5\u904b\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u63aa\u65bd\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4f86\u7dad\u7e6b\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u66a2\u901a\u7121\u58df\u65b7\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u81ea\u5c6c\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u80cc\u96e2\u5e02\u5834\uff1a\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u548c\u4f4e\u5229\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u8a31\u591a\u60b2\u60c5\uff0c\u91d1\u9322\u5e38\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d81\u4eba\u4e4b\u5371\u4f86\u8f44\u5236\u4eba\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u60b2\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u5728<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u904e\u5ea6\u58d3\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e82\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u4f9b\u9700\u539f\u662f\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u7136\u5747\u8861\u50f9\u683c\uff08\u5229\u7387\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u60df<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6e96\u5099\u9280\u884c\u548c\u5404\u570b\u5f6d\u61f7\u5357\u5011\u8086\u610f\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u65b9\u6cd5\u589e\u767c\u9214\u7968\u58d3\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u523a\u6fc0\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4e00\u822c\u7269\u50f9\u4f3c\u5c6c\u5e73\u7a69\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u964d\u606f\u537b\u4f7f\u5f97\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8cc7\u7522<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u7279\u5225\u662f\u623f\u5730\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u9ad8\u6f32\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5bdf\u89ba\uff0c\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u5e02\u88e1\u6709\u7522\u8005\u548c\u7121\u7522\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5169\u6975\u5316\u52a0\u5287\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u4e16\u4ee3\u5931\u671b\u7121\u52a9\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5404\u570b\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u3002\u5e74\u8f15\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u5436\u558a\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u53c8\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u60b2\u60c5\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4eba\u70ba\u64cd\u63a7\u58d3\u4f4e\u5229\u606f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u904e\u4f4e\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u8010\u4e45\u8ca1\u3001\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4e0a\u9762\u53bb\u3002\u9020\u6210\u623f\u50f9\u53ea\u6f32\u4e0d\u8dcc\u7684\u932f\u89ba\u3002\u6b64\u7a2e\u904e\u5ea6\u4eba\u70ba\u58d3\u6291\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u50f9\u683c<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u7d42\u5c07\u4f7f\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u4eba\u5011\u4ed8\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u96bb\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u624b\uff08<\/span><\/b>An Invisible Hand<\/span><\/b>\uff09<\/span><\/b> \u2015 <\/span><\/span><\/b>\u9020\u5c31\u5e02\u5834\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u8aaa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u7372\u53d6\u9910\u98df\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u8089\u8216\u3001\u9152\u5546\u548c\u9eb5\u5305\u5e97\u8001\u95c6\u7684\u4ec1\u6148\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u2026\u2026\u4e0d\u662f\u8457\u773c\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u5011\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7269\u8cc7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6240\u5728\u2026\u2026\u5373\u4f7f\u4e5e\u4e10\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u90e8\u4ef0\u4ed7\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u4ec1\u6148\u904e\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08<\/span>It\u00a0is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we\u00a0expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address\u00a0ourselves, not to their humanity, but to their self-love, and never talk to\u00a0them of our own necessities, but of their advantages. Nobody but a beggar\u00a0chooses to depend chiefly upon the benevolence of his fellow citizens. Even a\u00a0beggar does not depend upon it entirely.<\/span>\uff09<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u7576\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\u5011\u51fa\u65bc\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cbe\u660e\u5e79\u7df4\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u6253\u62da\u3001\u8abf\u5ea6\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u7522\u51fa\u6700\u6709\u7af6\u722d\u50f9\u683c\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u5ba2\u6236\uff0c\u6e96\u6642\u4ea4\u8ca8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6562\u6709\u9ed1\u5fc3\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5e0c\u671b\u5ba2\u6236\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u63a1\u8cfc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u6642\u2026\u2026\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5f9e\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u770b\u898b\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u5728\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u7d1b\u7d1b\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u51e1\u6b64\u7a2e\u7a2e\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u70ba\u5e02\u5834\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7372\u53d6\u81ea\u5df1\u5275\u9020\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u597d\u6bd4\u88ab\u4e00\u96bb\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u624b\u6240\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u4ed6\uff08\u5011\uff09\u5176\u5be6\uff08\u540c\u6642\uff09\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u798f\u7949\u800c\u4e0d\u81ea\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\u662f\u795e\u9020\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u4eba\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u90a3\u7a2e\u5be9\u614e\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u9019\u500b\u7167\u9867\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5be9\u614e\u8cac\u4efb<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u5b83\u662f\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08\u65af\u5bc6\uff09\u8b1b\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u65bc\u60c5\u611f\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u548c\u5171\u9cf4\u5fc3\uff08\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b<\/span>1759-1790<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u8a34\u8af8\u826f\u5fc3\u4e2d\u300c\u5167\u5728\u4eba\u300d<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u90fd\u8981\u807d\u5f9e\u5167\u5fc3\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u7942\u65e2\u662f\u7121\u79c1\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u8005\u3002\u7942\u6642\u800c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u52a0\u4ee5\u8b9a\u63da\u6216\u8b74\u8cac\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u3001\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u5c0d\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u6e90\u8d77\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u5728\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u79c1\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\uff0c\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u5be9\u8996\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u7701\u5bdf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8a2d\u8eab\u65bc\u65c1\u89c0\u7684\u8655\u5883\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7531\u65bc\u540c\u611f\u9019\u4f4d\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5b98\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u8d0a\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u8a8d\u53ef\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e26\u8d0a\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60c5\u5f62\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5247\u6703\u8a8d\u53ef\u7942\u7684\u975e\u96e3\uff0c\u4e26\u8cac\u5099\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2015<\/span>\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff0c\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b<\/span>III<\/span>\u5377<\/span>1<\/span>\u7ae0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u8ad6\u81ea\u662f\u548c\u81ea\u975e\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u53c8\u8aaa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7576\u6211\u529b\u5716\u6aa2\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6642\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5f77\u5f7f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u6211\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u6aa2\u67e5\u8005\u548c\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u300c\u6211\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6211\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6211\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u884c\u70ba\u8981\u53d7\u6aa2\u67e5\u548c\u88ab\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u300c\u6211\u300d\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6e\u65bc\u7942\u6240\u8655\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u90a3\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u601d\u8003\u9019\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u300c\u6211\u300d\u770b\u4f86\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u53bb\u8003\u91cf\u7942\u5c0d\u6211\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u985e\u300c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u300d\u5728\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\uff1a\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u4f46\u64c1\u6709\u300c\u5be9\u614e\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u300d\uff08\u57fa\u65bc\u795e\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\u6240\u767c\u63da\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5be9\u614e\u5fb7\u884c\uff09\u3001\u300c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u300d\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6e1b\u5c11\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff09\u3001\u300c\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u300d\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u9700\u53d7\u5230\u5167\u5fc3\u4e2d\u300c\u7121\u79c1\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u548c\u300c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u8005\u300d\u8b9a\u63da\u3001\u5236\u7d04\u4e0b\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u4ed6\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\uff08<\/span>1776<\/span>\uff09\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\uff08\u5be9\u614e\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff09\u7acb\u8ad6\u7684\u524d\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u57fa\u790e\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8b1b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u795e\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u5fd8\u8a18\uff0c\u7528\u5167\u759a\u548c\u81ea\u8cac\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u53bb\u61f2\u7f70\u90a3\u4e9b\u9055\u80cc\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/span>4<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u8036\u7a4c\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u662f\u8981\u6211\u5011\u300c\u611b\u4eba\u5982\u5df1\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u300c\u611b\u5df1\u300d\u662f\u5929\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u80fd\u548c\u672c\u5206\u3002\u4eba\u771f\u61c2\u5f97\u611b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\uff08\u5728\u795e\u548c\u4eba\u9762\u524d\uff09\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u7167\u9867\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u611b\u5df1\u3001\u5229\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u5bb3\u4eba\uff1b\u771f\u6b63\u611b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u76e4\u7b97\u51fa\u4eba\u751f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u77ed\u671f\u898b\u5229\u5fd8\u7fa9\u3001\u611b\u5df1\u5bb3\u4eba\u3002\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u4eca\u751f\u3001\u4f86\u751f\u7684\u9577\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u795e\u4e5f\u8981\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u7acb\u5834\u4f86\u5be9\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u6027\u5275\u9020\u7269\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u5728\u5275\u9020\u4ed6\u5011\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u60f3\u8981\u9054\u5230\u7684\u6700\u521d\u76ee\u7684\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u6839\u64da\u81ea\u5df1\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53bb\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5728\u589e\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u5e78\u798f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8207\u795e\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u76e1\u5df1\u6240\u80fd\u63a8\u52d5\u5929\u610f\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u3002<\/span>5<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u9019\u83ab\u4e0d\u662f\u8207\u8056\u7d93\u7d04\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3<\/span>16<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>8<\/span>\u4e2d\uff1a\u300c<\/span>\u7942\uff08\u8056\u9748\uff09\u65e2\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u53eb\u4e16\u4eba\u70ba\u7f6a\u3001\u70ba\u7fa9\u3001\u70ba\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u8cac\u5099\u81ea\u5df1<\/span>\u300d\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u95e1\u8ff0\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u91cd\u8996\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8<\/span>1759<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1790<\/span>\u5e74\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u6b7b\u524d\u9084\u9032\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u516d\u7248\u7684\u6539\u7248\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u4ed6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u8996\u5b83\u4e86\u3002\u5be6\u5728\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u8af8\u591a\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u5f8c\u56db\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u662f\u84cb\u904e\u4ed6\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e86<\/span>1776<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\u88ab\u5949\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u5148\u8ce2\u4e4b\u572d\u81ec\u53bb\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u800c\u5149\u8292\u56db\u5c04\u7684\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u8a8d\u70ba\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u5960\u57fa\u65bc\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u5fb7\u5b58\u65bc\u6e05\u6670\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u660e\u667a\u548c\u5be9\u614e\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2d\u3002\uff08\u7406\u6027\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u5805\u5b9a\u3001\u7bc0\u5236\uff09\u5224\u65b7\u611f\u60c5\u5408\u5b9c\u6027\u3001\u9069\u7576\u6027\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u516c\u6b63\u800c\u5168\u667a\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u540c\u60c5\u611f\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2015<\/span>\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af<\/span>TMS<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u56e0\u8457\u795e\u9020\u4eba\u6240\u8cdc\u7684\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u670d\u81ba\u5167\u5fc3\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u4ea4\u63db\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u6703\u919e\u91c0\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u6cd5\u5247\u4f86\u7d04\u5236\u548c\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u5099\u4eba\u6027\u56fa\u6709\u8edf\u5f31\u9762\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u58df\u65b7\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u5371\u6a5f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\u9019\u500b\u5167\u4f4f\u4eba<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u8005\u3001\u7121\u79c1\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u6703\u4ee5\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Virtue of Justice<\/span>\uff09\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u6452\u9664\u58df\u65b7\u3001\u963b\u7919\u4ed6\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u6b64\u70ba\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u516c\u7fa9<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u4e0d\u8667\u8ca0\u4eba\u6559\u8a13\u7684\u843d\u5be6\u3002\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6276\u52a9\u5f31\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Virtue of Benevolence<\/span>\uff09\u95dc\u6ce8\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u7fa4\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u6190\u61ab\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u5316\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7576\u300c\u5229\u5df1\u5fc3\u300d\u80fd\u5920\u807d\u5f9e\u300c\u5167\u5fc3\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u300d\uff08\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u8005\u548c\u7121\u79c1\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\uff09\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5fb7\u884c\u53ca\u6709\u5e8f\u5316\u7684\u793e\u6703\u65bc\u7109\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Creation of Wealth,\u00a0Ideological Dimension, P.101, by Brain Griffiths, IVP<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Wealth of Nations,\u00a0Chap.II, Of the principle which gives occasion to the division of Labour<\/span>\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\uff1a\u8ad6\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b<\/span>III<\/span>\u5377<\/span>-1<\/span>\u7ae0\uff08\u8ad6\u81ea\u662f\u548c\u81ea\u975e\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\uff08<\/span>TMS<\/span>\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\uff08<\/span>TMS<\/span>\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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