{"id":1091,"date":"2018-03-21T15:40:07","date_gmt":"2018-03-21T07:40:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dotpower.16mb.com\/ourjubilee\/?p=1091"},"modified":"2018-11-14T16:24:32","modified_gmt":"2018-11-14T08:24:32","slug":"%e8%b5%b0%e5%87%ba%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%b0%e5%b1%80-%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e5%80%ab%e7%90%86%e7%9a%84%e7%8f%be%e4%bb%a3%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e4%bd%bf%e5%91%bd-%e5%ad%ab%e9%9c%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/%e7%a0%94%e8%a8%8e%e6%9c%83%e6%96%87%e7%ab%a0%e9%81%b8%e8%bc%af\/%e8%b5%b0%e5%87%ba%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%b0%e5%b1%80-%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e5%80%ab%e7%90%86%e7%9a%84%e7%8f%be%e4%bb%a3%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e4%bd%bf%e5%91%bd-%e5%ad%ab%e9%9c%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8d70\u51fa\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u56f0\u5c40-\u5112\u5bb6\u502b\u7406\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f7f\u547d\uff0f\u5b6b\u9707"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5b6b\u9707<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\uff08\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7cfb\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u58f9\u3001\u5f9e\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u570b\u7684\u6280\u8853\u6c34\u6e96\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u671f\u9593\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u3002\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u9867\u5fd7\u8010\uff08<\/span>Simon Kuznets<\/span>\uff09\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u5206\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\uff08<\/span>traditional stagnation epoch<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\uff08<\/span>modern growth epoch<\/span>\uff09\u5169\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u8ddd\u4eca\u624d\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u958b\u59cb\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u505c\u7559\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9577\u671f\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u5076\u767c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u96d6\u7136\u4f7f\u52de\u52d5\u751f\u7522\u529b\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u548c\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u53e3\u96a8\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u91cd\u56de\u751f\u5b58\u6c34\u6e96\uff08<\/span>subsistence level of living<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u76f4\u5230<\/span>18<\/span>\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u53d6\u5f97\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u8cea\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u52de\u52d5\u751f\u7522\u529b\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u3001\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u9577\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u9032\u5165\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u8b93\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\u8aaa\u8a71<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u76ae\u51f1\u63d0\uff08<\/span>Thomas Piketty<\/span>\uff09\u65bc<\/span>2014<\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u8cc7\u672c\u8ad6\u300b\uff08<\/span>Capital in the Twenty-First Century<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u9867\u5fd7\u8010\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u5716\u8868<\/span>1<\/span>\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u589e\u7387\uff0c<\/span>35<\/span>\u9801\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u767c\u751f\u65bc<\/span>18<\/span>\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u7fd2\u6163\u7528<\/span>1776<\/span>\u5e74\u70ba\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u525b\u597d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u9f3b\u7956\u4e9e\u7576\u2027\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08<\/span>Adam Smith<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u300a\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\u300b\uff08<\/span>An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations<\/span>\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5716\u8868<\/span>1<\/span>\u986f\u793a\u5728\u897f\u5143<\/span>1<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1700<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u6bcf\u5e74\u589e\u52a0<\/span>0.1%<\/span>\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4eba\u53e3\u4e5f\u662f\u589e\u52a0<\/span>0.1%<\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u6c92\u6709\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u5370\u8b49\u4e86\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9577\u6642\u9593\u9023\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5076\u767c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u4f7f\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u548c\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u6539\u5584\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u6539\u5584\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u99ac\u723e\u85a9\u65af\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u96a8\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u56de\u964d\u5230\u751f\u5b58\u6c34\u6e96\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5728\u9032\u5165\u4e86<\/span>18<\/span>\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f9e<\/span>1770<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>2012<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u589e\u52a0<\/span>1.6%<\/span>\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0<\/span>0.8%<\/span>\u3001\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0<\/span>0.8%<\/span>\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6578\u3002\u82e5\u628a\u9019\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u5206\u505a<\/span>1700<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1820<\/span>\u5e74\u3001<\/span>1820<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>1913<\/span>\u5e74\u3001<\/span>1913<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>2012<\/span>\u5e74\u4e09\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u6bcf\u5e74\u662f\u4f9d\u5e8f\u589e\u52a0<\/span>0.5%<\/span>\u3001<\/span>1.5%<\/span>\u548c<\/span>3.0%<\/span>\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9032\u5165\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u570b\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u4e8c\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u662f\uff1a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u5230\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u6c92\u6709\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u82e5\u8ffd\u6c42\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u6703\u7e3d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ea\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u885d\u7a81\u8207\u632b\u6298\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u798f\u7949\u4e26\u975e\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u793e\u6703\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u5b89\u5b9a\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6e96\u6b64\uff0c\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5957\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u65bc\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5247\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5b54\u5b50\u6642\u4ee3\u53eb\u505a\u79ae\u3002\u79ae\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u548c\u5b83\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u900f\u904e\u500b\u4eba\u9075\u5b88\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u79ae\u52a0\u4ee5\u7bc0\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u793e\u6703\u548c\u8ae7\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f37\u8abf\u502b\u7406\u548c\u79ae\u7684\u7de3\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u502b\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u76f8\u8655\u61c9\u7dad\u6301\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u61c9\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u70ba\u54c1\u5fb7\u3002\u5177\u6709\u54c1\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u70ba\u541b\u5b50\u3002\u541b\u5b50\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u5275\u9020\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u5178\u7bc4\u61c9\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\u8207\u6548\u6cd5\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5178\u7bc4\u90fd\u6253\u5012\u4e86\uff1b\u53f0\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u5178\u7bc4\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u8ab0\u5192\u51fa\u982d\u8ab0\u5c31\u88ab\u6253\u5012\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7f3a\u5c11\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u699c\u6a23\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u541b\u5b50\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u4fee\u5df1\u5b89\u4eba\u3002\u4fee\u5df1\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6c34\u6e96\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u5b89\u4eba\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u5225\u4eba\u3001\u5e6b\u52a9\u5168\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u3002\u541b\u5b50\u4e0d\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u737b\u8eab\u793e\u6703\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u9f13\u52f5\u8ffd\u6c42\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u793e\u6703\u61c9\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u8b93\u737b\u8eab\u793e\u6703\u9020\u798f\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u2027\u61b2\u554f\u300b\u5b54\u5b50\u8aaa\u300c\u53e4\u4e4b\u5b78\u8005\u70ba\u5df1\u300d\uff1b\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54c1\u5fb7\u3001\u5b78\u8b58\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u793e\u6703\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u800c\u5b78\u3002\u300c\u4eca\u4e4b\u5b78\u8005\u70ba\u4eba\u300d\uff1b\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u70ba\u4e86\u53d6\u6085\u65bc\u4eba\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u800c\u5b78\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u597d\u4eba\u3001\u6709\u672c\u4e8b\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5c31\u7d66\u4f60\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u53bb\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4eba\u683c\u5713\u6eff\u8207\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u96d6\u7136\u4e26\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u5065\u5168\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5831\u511f\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5831\u511f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5112\u5bb6\u91cd\u8996\u7fa9\u52d9\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u626e\u6f14\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u76e1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u81a8\u8139\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u91cd\u8996\u7fa9\u52d9\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u4e88\u4ee5\u652f\u63f4\uff1b\u91cd\u8996\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u9700\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u52a0\u4ee5\u7bc0\u5236\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u91cd\u4ec1\u7fa9\u8f15\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u7fa9\u653e\u5728\u5229\u524d\u9762\u3002\u7fa9\u3001\u5229\u4e4b\u8fa8\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7dda\u4e4b\u5dee\uff0c\u537b\u5f15\u767c\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e26\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u8ddf\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u8ffd\u6c42\u8ca1\u5bcc\u300d\u6240\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u3002\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u52e4\u52de\u7bc0\u5109\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8caa\u5716\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u7236\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u7942\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u505a\u597d\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u7ba1\u5bb6\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u548c\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\u90fd\u8a18\u8f09\u4e86\u4e3b\u4eba\u8b93\u50d5\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u9322\u8ca1\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002\u8cfa\u9322\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ec\u559a\uff08<\/span>calling<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u795e\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u5929\u8077\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u601d\u60f3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u9032\u5165\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6280\u8853\u6301\u7e8c\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u4f7f\u52de\u52d5\u751f\u7522\u529b\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u8207\u4eba\u5747\u7522\u503c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u798f\u7949\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u4f86\u81ea\u793e\u6703\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f86\u81ea\u6240\u5f97\u8207\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u3002\u9019\u6642\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u601d\u60f3\u5f9e\u5b54\u5b50\u63db\u6210\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u9f3b\u7956\u4e9e\u7576\u2027\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u5168\u6c11\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u5730\u4f86\u81ea\u793e\u6703\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8996\u502b\u7406\u3002\u800c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u5247\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u56e0\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u800c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5e38\u5e38\u628a\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u5b89\u5b9a\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\uff0c\u628a\u8ffd\u6c42\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7576\u4f5c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5728<\/span>1776<\/span>\u5e74\u6240\u767c\u8868\u7684\u300a\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\u300b\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u65bc<\/span>1759<\/span>\u5e74\u3001<\/span>36<\/span>\u6b72\u7684\u82f1\u5e74\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Theory of Moral Sentiments<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u502b\u7406\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u9f13\u5439\u500b\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5229\uff08<\/span>self-interest<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u65e2\u7136\u81ea\u5229\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u660e\u667a\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u79c1\u4eba\u8a98\u56e0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u51a5\u51a5\u4e2d\u5c31\u5982\u4e00\u96bb\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u624b\uff0c\u5e36\u9818\u9054\u6210\u793e\u6703\u5168\u9ad4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u5168\u9ad4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u9019\u6a23\u8b1b\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u516c\u5e73\uff08<\/span>justice<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7c21\u55ae\u660e\u767d\u7684\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u4f7f\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u502b\u7406\u7bc4\u7587\u88e1\uff0c\u6bd4\u516c\u5e73\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u662f\u4ec1\u6148\uff08<\/span>benevolence<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ec1\u6148\u5247\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8a66\u554f\uff0c\u82e5\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u4f86\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u300c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u300d\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u7684\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u300c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u5275\u9020\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u4e5f\u6108\u591a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u500b\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u5f9e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5229\u76ca\u4e2d\u53d6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u505a\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u5229\u6f64\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u8ca2\u737b\u7406\u61c9\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5831\u916c\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u7372\u5229\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7d04\u83ab\u5c31\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u9f4a\u5bb6\u6cbb\u570b\u5e73\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u61c9\u8a72\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u541b\u5b50\u5011\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u69ae\u8b7d\u548c\u85aa\u6c34\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u8207\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u6240\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u300c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u300d<\/span>added value<\/span>\u6216<\/span>value added<\/span>\uff0c\u53c8\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u9644\u52a0\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u751f\u7522\u5c31\u662f\u5275\u9020\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5f9e\u672a\u6709\u4eba\u7d66\u751f\u7522\u4e0b\u904e\u5982\u6b64\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u91cd\u8fb2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u571f\u5730\u9577\u51fa\u7ce7\u98df\u662f\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u505a\u751f\u610f\u8cfa\u4e86\u9322\u662f\u751f\u7522\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u96d6\u7136\u9f13\u5439\u81ea\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u64d4\u5fc3\u81ea\u5229\u4e4b\u5fc3\u6703\u904e\u5ea6\u81a8\u8139\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5229\u4e4b\u5fc3\u96d6\u7136\u5f37\u70c8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u53d7\u7406\u6027\u3001\u539f\u5247\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\uff08<\/span>Reason, principles and conscience<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7bc0\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5e38\u4f4f\u7684\u300c\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u7bc0\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u300c\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u795e\u3002\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u662f\u5fe0\u5be6\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d42\u751f\u6c92\u6709\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8b93\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u826f\u5fc3\u6703\u514b\u5236\u5c0d\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5728\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\u88e1\u9762\u8b1b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u300a\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e00\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\u4f86\u9650\u5236\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6642\u50b7\u5bb3\u5230\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u8b1b\u904e\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9f13\u5439\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff1a\u300c\u591a\u70ba\u5225\u4eba\u8457\u60f3\uff0c\u5c11\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8457\u60f3\uff0c\u7bc0\u5236\u79c1\u617e\uff0c\u6a02\u65bd\u4ec1\u6148\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u300d<\/span>1<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8ddf\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u5f88\u50cf\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u82e5\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5be9\u614e\u3001\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u9069\u7576\u7684\u4ec1\u6148\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u54c1\u5fb7\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u8a71\uff0c\u90fd\u5f88\u50cf\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u4ed6\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u5bb6\uff0c\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u66fe\u6388\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u672c\u61c9\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u66fe\u7d93\u904a\u5b78\u6cd5\u570b\uff0c\u8207\u6771\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u63a5\u89f8\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5230\u6cd5\u570b\u662f<\/span>1764<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8ad6\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f9e\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\uff1b\u5f9e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u53ea\u6709\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91cd\u8996\u54c1\u5fb7\u3001\u502b\u7406\u3001\u505a\u541b\u5b50\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u6240\u5f97\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5206\u4e00\u676f\u7fb9\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u539f\u672c\uff0c\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u90e8\u5206\u7576\u53d6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u9010\u6f38\u8d70\u4e86\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u7576\u524d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u56f0\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8cb3\u3001\u7576\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u56f0\u5c40<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5168\u9762\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5e36\u4f86\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6539\u8b8a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u5728\u9032\u5165\u7576\u524d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u56f0\u5c40\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u4eab\u53d7\u4e86\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f9e\u672a\u6709\u904e\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5404\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u90fd\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u5275\u9020\u300c\u589e\u52a0\u50f9\u503c\u300d\u3001\u8cfa\u53d6\u5229\u6f64\u3001\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8cc7\u672c\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u6280\u8853\u7684\u57fa\u8abf\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5230<\/span>2012<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8d85\u904e<\/span>70<\/span>\u5104\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u8d85\u904e<\/span>70<\/span>\u5146\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6240\u5f97\u4e5f\u8d85\u904e<\/span>1<\/span>\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u9032\u5165\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u537b\u6709\u5feb\u6709\u6162\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8d85\u904e<\/span>7<\/span>\u5104\u4eba\u53e3\u8655\u65bc\u6975\u7aef\u8ca7\u7aae\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u8d64\u8ca7\uff08<\/span>extremely poor<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8861\u91cf\u8d64\u8ca7\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u662f\uff0c\u6309\u7167<\/span>2005<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7269\u50f9\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u6d88\u8cbb\u5728<\/span>1.25<\/span>\u7f8e\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5c31\u5c6c\u65bc\u8d64\u8ca7\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d64\u8ca7\u4eba\u53e3\u4ecd\u4f54\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684<\/span>10%<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u4e9e\uff0c\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5927\u9ad4\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u6240\u5f97\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9032\u5165\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5148\u5f8c\u3002\u9032\u5165\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6642\u9593\u65e9\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6240\u5f97\uff08<\/span>per capita income<\/span>\uff09\u5c31\u9ad8\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u968e\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u665a\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6240\u5f97\u5c31\u4f4e\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u7d93\u7531\u5168\u7403\u5316\u82f1\u570b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u9032\u5165\u897f\u6b50\u3001\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u666e\u53ca\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5316\u662f\u6307\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u8cc7\u91d1\u3001\u6280\u8853\u548c\u4eba\u54e1\u8de8\u8d8a\u570b\u754c\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u570b\u5bb6\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6771\u4e9e\u56db\u5c0f\u9f8d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u662f\u5168\u9762\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u8981\u5230<\/span>1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u570b\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u8607\u806f\u5d29\u6f70\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u653e\u68c4\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8b93\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7269\u50f9\u6c34\u6e96\u8da8\u65bc\u5e73\u7a69\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7a0d\u5fae\u5e74\u9577\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u8a18\u5f97<\/span>1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u53f0\u7063\u7269\u50f9\u81a8\u8139\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u904e\u65e5\u5b50\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u5e74\u9577\u7684\u4e00\u8f29\u6703\u8a18\u5f97\u6709\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7269\u50f9\u81a8\u8139\u6642\u671f\u5403\u65e9\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u5403\u4e00\u9762\u5169\u773c\u7dca\u76ef\u8457\u50f9\u76ee\u724c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5165\u5ea7\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8eab\u4e0a\u5e36\u7684\u9322\u662f\u5920\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u5403\u5b8c\u8981\u7d50\u5e33\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u5920\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u60e1\u6027\u7684\u7269\u50f9\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u524d\u5fb7\u570b\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u5beb\u5be6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u53bb\u5e02\u5834\u9322\u653e\u5728\u53e3\u888b\u88e1\uff0c\u8cb7\u4f86\u7684\u6771\u897f\u888b\u5b50\u88e1\uff1b\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u9322\u88dd\u5728\u888b\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u5c07\u8cb7\u4f86\u6771\u897f\u653e\u5728\u53e3\u888b\u88e1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269\u50f9\u81a8\u8139\u8b93\u4eba\u65e5\u5b50\u904e\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6703\u628a\u8ca0\u50b5\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u7a00\u91cb\u6389\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\uff1a\u7269\u50f9\u4e0d\u6f32\u3001\u5229\u7387\u4f4e\uff1b\u5229\u7387\u4f4e\u9f13\u52f5\u5927\u5bb6\u501f\u9322\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ca0\u50b5\u81a8\u8139\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9084\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u9084\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u57fa\u91d1\uff08<\/span>IMF<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>International Monetary Fund<\/span>\uff09\u9084\u8b66\u544a\u6162\u4e00\u9ede\u9084\u9322\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9084\u9322\u5c31\u8981\u7bc0\u7701\uff0c\u7bc0\u7701\u4f7f\u6d88\u8cbb\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u6e1b\u5c11\u4f7f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u50f9\u683c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u9023\u9396\u6548\u679c<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u50f9\u683c\u8da8\u65bc\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c31\u662f\u4f86\u81ea<\/span>2300<\/span>\u842c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8cfc\u8cb7\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4f9b\u7d66\u537b\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u5168\u7403<\/span>70<\/span>\u5104\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7269\u50f9\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u5225\u570b\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5c31\u6703\u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f9b\u7d66\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u7269\u50f9\u4e0a\u6f32\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u58d3\u6291\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u5d1b\u8d77\u8b8a\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u5ee0\u5f8c\uff0c\u5ec9\u50f9\u5546\u54c1\u8f38\u5165\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u50f9\u4e0d\u6703\u6f32\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u5c07\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7269\u50f9\u4e0a\u6f32<\/span>2%<\/span>\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u4f46\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7269\u50f9\u4e00\u76f4\u5728<\/span>2%<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u7269\u50f9\u81a8\u8139\u80fd\u9054\u5230<\/span>2%<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u653e\u9b06\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u7d66\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4f7f\u5229\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7269\u50f9\u4e0a\u6f32\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u7269\u50f9\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u8b93\u5404\u570b\u4e2d\u592e\u9280\u884c\u7e3d\u88c1\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7dad\u6301\u7269\u50f9\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u9280\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u6e96\u6703\u4e3b\u5e2d\u845b\u6797\u65af\u6f58\uff08<\/span>Alan Greenspan<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2007<\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u81ea\u50b3\u300a<\/span>The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World<\/span>\u300b\u8b6f\u300a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u6c23\u98a8\u767c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e0d\u4e45\u767c\u751f\u4e16\u754c\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8a8d\u72af\u4e86\u4e00\u9ede\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u9ede\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u4eba\u51fa\u932f\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7269\u50f9\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u8b93\u5404\u570b\u4e2d\u592e\u9280\u884c\u5927\u81bd\u653e\u51fa\u8ca8\u5e63\u3002\u7576\u8ca8\u5e63\u6578\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5546\u54c1\u7269\u50f9\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6f32\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7576\u5229\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u4e0a\u6f32\u5247\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u4f7f\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\u4e0d\u53bb\u6436\u8cb7\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u53bb\u8cb7\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u4f7f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u66f4\u6f32\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u8981\u9760\u5831\u916c\u7387\uff08<\/span>rate of return<\/span>\uff09\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u8d85\u904e\u5831\u916c\u7387\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\u5f62\u6210\u6ce1\u6cab\uff0c\u800c\u6ce1\u6cab\u7d42\u5fc5\u7834\u6ec5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7576\u5229\u7387\u7b49\u65bc\u96f6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7121\u9650\u5927\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u4e0d\u6703\u6c38\u9060\u7b49\u65bc\u96f6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8cc7\u7522\u8cb7\u8ce3\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u904e\u591a\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\u4e0d\u53bb\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u5c31\u696d\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6d41\u5165\u8cc7\u7522\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u8ffd\u9010\u8cc7\u7522\u589e\u503c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7576\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u81a8\u8139\u5230\u8d85\u904e\u5176\u6536\u76ca\u6240\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f62\u6210\u6ce1\u6cab\uff0c\u6ce1\u6cab\u7834\u6ec5\uff0c\u4f7f\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u503c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6295\u8cc7\u4eba\u906d\u53d7\u640d\u5931\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5149\u666f\u5728<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>2009<\/span>\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u6d77\u562f\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5229\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u570b\u516c\u79c1\u8ca0\u50b5\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u5fa9\u7526\uff0c\u91cb\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u8b93\u5229\u7387\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u5be6\u8cea\u5229\u7387\uff08<\/span>real rate of interest<\/span>\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u8ca0\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5f9e\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\u5230\u8ffd\u9010\u5229\u6f64<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u7269\u50f9\u5e73\u7a69\u3001\u8ca8\u5e63\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u5229\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u8cfa\u53d6\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5931\u696d\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747\u60e1\u5316\u3002\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8f49\u8b8a\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\u8f49\u5411\u8ffd\u9010\u5229\u6f64\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u53d6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u70ba\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u5c31\u88ab\u7af6\u722d\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002\u7136\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u5f9e\u4e8b\u751f\u7522\u8cfa\u9322\u662f\u6700\u7b28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6c3e\u6feb\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u7528\u5728\u751f\u7522\u6027\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u8cb7\u80a1\u7968\u3001\u50b5\u5238\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7a2e\u91d1\u878d\u5546\u54c1\uff08<\/span>Finance products<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u3002<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u6240\u8b02\u79c1\u52df\u57fa\u91d1\uff08<\/span>private equity<\/span>\uff09<\/span>1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u5e7e\u5bb6\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u516d\u5343\u591a\u5bb6\uff0c\u55ae\u55ae\u53bb\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\u4fbf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u516d\u767e\u591a\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9322\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u8cb7\u8ce3\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u5275\u9020\u5c31\u696d\u6216\u5275\u9020\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u300a\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4eba\u300b\uff08<\/span>The Economist<\/span>\uff09\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u9ad8\u76db\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u77fd\u8c37\uff08<\/span>Silicon Valley<\/span>\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91d1\u878d\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4ea4\u6613\u54e1\u5f9e\u516d\u767e\u591a\u4eba\u964d\u5230<\/span>2<\/span>\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7528\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u4f86\u6536\u96c6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5efa\u7acb\u6a21\u578b\uff08<\/span>model<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8b1b\u7406\u8ad6\u9673\u8ff0\u3002\u9ad8\u76db\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\uff08<\/span>New York<\/span>\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08<\/span>World Trade Center<\/span>\uff09\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u898f\u6a21\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c0f\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u904b\u7528\u5927\u6578\u64da\uff08<\/span>big data<\/span>\uff09\u53bb\u9023\u7d50\u5404\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002\u4f9d\u64da\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u88e1\u6703\u6f32\uff1f\u54ea\u500b\u80a1\u7968\u6703\u6f32\uff1f\u80a1\u50f9\u600e\u9ebc\u6f32\uff1f\u4e0d\u8981\u4eba\u53bb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u8b93\u79d1\u6280\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u6700\u5148\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ca1\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u6703\u53d6\u4ee3\u7406\u5c08\uff0c\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u8b93\u6210\u9577\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5247\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u502b\u7406\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u50b7\u5bb3\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u8b93\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7576\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5b89\u6392\u6642\uff0c\u5f62\u540c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5bb9\u6613\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u4eba\u4e0d\u53bb\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u5229\u6f64\u5f9e\u4f55\u800c\u51fa\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u8ca0\u50b5\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u7a4d\u91cd\u96e3\u8fd4<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u5f9e\u570b\u5916\u53d6\u5f97\u8cc7\u91d1\u3002\u65b0\u8208\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u5f9e\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u53d6\u5f97\u8cc7\u91d1\u548c\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u6295\u8cc7\u8b93\u5b83\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5247\u662f\u5f9e\u5225\u570b\u53d6\u5f97\u8cc7\u91d1\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u5b83\u6d88\u8cbb\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6295\u8cc7\u6216\u6d88\u8cbb\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u5916\u50b5\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>2009<\/span>\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u964d\u81f3\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u65b0\u4f4e\uff0c\u516c\u3001\u79c1\u3001\u5167\u3001\u5916\u8ca0\u50b5\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u7e7c\u7e8c\u81a8\u8139\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u986f\u8457\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u8d85\u904e\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u5176\u5dee\u984d\u7531\u5176\u570b\u969b\u6536\u652f\u7d93\u5e38\u5e33\u7684\u9006\u5dee\u5f4c\u88dc\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u9006\u5dee\u5247\u7531\u4f86\u81ea\u5916\u570b\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u652f\u4ed8\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u5916\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u6de8\u90e8\u4f4d\uff08<\/span>net international investment position<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u5916\u570b\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u6e1b\u53bb\u5916\u570b\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u8ca0\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u5c0d\u5916\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u6de8\u6240\u5f97\uff08<\/span>net income<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u537b\u4f54\u4e86<\/span>GDP<\/span>\u7684<\/span>1%<\/span>\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u570b\u5916\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u5831\u916c\u7387\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u570b\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u5831\u916c\u7387\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u6027\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u5916\u570b\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u9ad8\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u5916\u570b\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5831\u916c\u7387\u662f<\/span>6%<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u570b\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5831\u916c\u7387\u53ea\u6709<\/span>1%<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u9858\u610f\u53bb\u8cb7\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u516c\u50b5\uff0c\u5176\u5229\u7387\u7b49\u65bc\u96f6\u4e5f\u8cb7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u98a8\u96aa\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6108\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6b20\u9322\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u5916\u532f\u6e96\u5099\u6108\u5c11\u3002\u6108\u662f\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b20\u9322\u6108\u5c11\uff0c\u5916\u532f\u6e96\u5099\u6108\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2013<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u9ad8\u6240\u5f97\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5168\u9ad4\u5916\u50b5\u9054<\/span>68.4<\/span>\u5146\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e03\u5927\u5de5\u696d\u570b\u70ba<\/span>43.7<\/span>\u5146\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f54<\/span>64%<\/span>\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u50b5\u7e3d\u984d\u70ba<\/span>5.5<\/span>\u5146\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5408\u8a08\u7d04\u70ba\u7576\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u500d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u57fa\u91d1\u767c\u5e03\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2015<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u975e\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb<\/span>4<\/span><\/sup>\u6240\u8ca0\u7684\u5916\u50b5\u7e3d\u984d\u70ba<\/span>152<\/span>\u5146\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7d04\u70ba\u8a72\u5e74\u4e16\u754c<\/span>GDP<\/span>\u7684\u5169\u500d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9ea5\u80af\u932b\u5168\u7403\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08<\/span>McKinsey Global Institute<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u5167\u50b5\u3001\u5916\u50b5\u7684\u8ca0\u50b5\u7e3d\u984d\u5c07\u8fd1<\/span>200<\/span>\u5146\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u9054\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7e3d\u7522\u503c\u7684<\/span>3<\/span>\u500d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8ca0\u50b5\u5982\u4f55\u511f\u9084\u5462\uff1f\u511f\u9084\u50b5\u52d9\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f8c\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u9084\u9322\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u7bc0\u7701\uff0c\u8981\u7bc0\u7701\u5fc5\u9808\u6e1b\u5c11\u6d88\u8cbb\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u9032\u53e3\u5c31\u8ddf\u8457\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u9032\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u51fa\u53e3\u5c31\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9032\u53e3\u5c31\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f7c\u6b64\u62d6\u7d2f\u7684\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u57fa\u91d1\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5404\u570b\u8ca0\u50b5\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u8457\u9084\u9322\uff0c\u9084\u9322\u6703\u8b93\u6574\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u600e\u9ebc\u8b93\u8ca0\u50b5\u6e1b\u5c11\uff1f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u60f3\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u4e00\u7b46\u52fe\u92b7\u3001\u524d\u5e33\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b97\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u5047\u5982\u524d\u5e33\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b97\u4e86\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u8981\u964d\u4e86<\/span>2<\/span>\u767e\u5146\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u99ac\u4e0a\u51fa\u73fe\u91cd\u5927\u707d\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7acb\u523b\u5f9e\u8870\u9000\u8d70\u5411\u856d\u689d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u524d\u5e33\u90fd\u5148\u639b\u5728\u5e33\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u7b97\uff0c\u5149\u7b97\u5229\u606f\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u5229\u606f\u4e5f\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f<\/span>1%<\/span>\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f<\/span>0%<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u6162\u6162\u5730\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u65e5\u6108\u60e1\u5316\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u8207\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u5927\u591a\u6578\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u914d\u90fd\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u73fe\u8c61\u662f\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u3001\u4f4e\u7aef\u6240\u5f97\u589e\u52a0\u5c11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u9ad8\u7aef\u6240\u5f97\u589e\u52a0\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9020\u6210\u9019\u7a2e\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u914d\u60e1\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u4ee3\u66ff\u4eba\u529b\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u4e2d\u3001\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u570b\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u53d6\u4ee3\u9ad8\u6240\u5f97\u570b\u4eba\u529b\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u800c\u8cc7\u7522\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u88e1\u3002\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u6108\u9ad8\u6f32\uff0c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u5c31\u6108\u6709\u9322\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u9577\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5169\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\u3002\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u4f7f\u52de\u52d5\u751f\u7522\u529b\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u540c\u6a23\u7522\u503c\u8207\u6240\u5f97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u4e0d\u65b7\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u9019\u539f\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u9032\u6b65\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8b93\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6642\u9593\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u6240\u5f97\u53bb\u4eab\u53d7\u60a0\u9592\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u9322\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u5c11\u6578<\/span>1%<\/span>\u6216<\/span>0.1%<\/span>\u7684\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5206\u914d\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u65b7\u60e1\u5316\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u80fd\u4e0d\u767c\u751f\u52d5\u4e82\u55ce\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u5206\u4eab\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6230\u570b\u6642\u671f\u990a\u58eb\u7684\u98a8\u6c23\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4eab\u6240\u5f97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4eca\u8981\u600e\u6a23\u91cd\u5206\u914d\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u884c\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u6240\u5f97\u300d\uff08<\/span>basic income<\/span>\uff09\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u5f35\u662f\u8aaa\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6bcf\u500b\u6708\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4ed8\u7d66\u4e00\u5b9a\u91d1\u984d\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7d66\u4f60<\/span>22K<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u8ca1\u653f\u9019\u9ebc\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u62ff\u9322\u5462\uff1f\u82e5\u8aaa\u589e\u7a05\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u5c31\u8dd1\u5230\u5225\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u5171\u540c\u5546\u91cf\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u65e5\u76ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u91cd\u56de\u5546\u54c1\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u5c31\u696d\u8207\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6295\u5165\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u81a8\u8139\u8cc7\u7522\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u900f\u904e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5c07\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u8017\u7aed\u3001\u7269\u7a2e\u6ec5\u7d55\u3001\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u554f\u984c\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u8017\u7aed\u3002<\/span>1972<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5510\u59ae\u83c8\u2027\u7c73\u9053\u65af\uff08<\/span>Donella Meadows<\/span>\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c<\/span>5<\/span><\/sup>\u8a8d\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u539f\u6cb9\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u5167\u6703\u8017\u76e1\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7531\u65bc\u79d1\u6280\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u539f\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e5f\u76f8\u7e7c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u539f\u6cb9\u8017\u7aed\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u6027\u66ab\u6642\u5ef6\u7de9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e16\u4eba\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u63db\u6210\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u71c3\u71d2\u5316\u77f3\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6392\u653e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff08<\/span>CO2<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5927\u6c23\u4e2d\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u542b\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6c23\u6eab\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u64da\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c<\/span>2007<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u542b\u91cf\u5df2\u9054<\/span>387ppm<\/span>\uff08<\/span>parts per million<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8f03\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u521d\u671f\u589e\u52a0<\/span>30%<\/span>\uff0c\u81f4\u6c23\u6eab\u4e0a\u5347\u5c07\u8fd1<\/span>1<\/span>\u2103\u3002\u5230\u4e86<\/span>2015<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u542b\u91cf\u66f4\u9054<\/span>400ppm<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9810\u8a08\uff0c\u7576<\/span>2036<\/span>\u5e74\u4f86\u5230\u6642\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u542b\u91cf\u5c07\u9ad8\u9054<\/span>450ppm<\/span>\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u4f7f\u6c23\u6eab\u4e0a\u5347<\/span>2<\/span>\u2103\u3002\u5230\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u5c07\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u4f9d\u6b64\u767c\u5c55\uff0c<\/span>21<\/span>\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u5c07\u4e0a\u5347<\/span>4.8<\/span>\u2103\u3001\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u5c07\u4e0a\u5347<\/span>82<\/span>\u516c\u5206\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u9678\u5730\u6dea\u70ba\u6fa4\u570b\uff0c\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u56b4\u91cd\u5931\u5e8f\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7269\u7a2e\u6ec5\u7d55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u54c1\u7a2e\u3001\u751f\u7522\u548c\u751f\u9577\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u5e7e\u5343\u5e74\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6c23\u5019\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u4e5f\u90fd\u8ddf\u8457\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u6c23\u5019\u5cf0\u6703\u65bc<\/span>2015<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>12<\/span>\u6708\u53ec\u958b\uff0c\u5171\u6709<\/span>195<\/span>\u570b\u4ee3\u8868\u53c3\u52a0\uff0c<\/span>147<\/span>\u570b\u5143\u9996\u51fa\u5e2d\uff0c<\/span>187<\/span>\u570b\u63d0\u4ea4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6e1b\u78b3\u8a08\u756b\u3002\u65bc<\/span>12<\/span>\u6708<\/span>12<\/span>\u65e5\u9054\u6210\u300c\u5df4\u9ece\u5354\u5b9a\u300d\uff0c\u5c07\u6c23\u5019\u76ee\u6a19\u8a02\u70ba\u4e0d\u8d85\u904e<\/span>2<\/span>\u2103\uff0c\u4e26\u671d<\/span>1.5<\/span>\u2103\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73fe\u63d0\u8a08\u756b\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u9054\u5230<\/span>3<\/span>\u2103\u3002\u60df\u76f8\u4fe1\u5047\u4ee5\u6642\u65e5\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u6216\u80fd\u5c0b\u5f97\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u65b0\u7576\u9078\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5ddd\u666e\u5c0d\u5730\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u672a\u4f86\u7bc0\u80fd\u6e1b\u78b3\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53c3\u3001\u5112\u5bb6\u502b\u7406\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f7f\u547d<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u300c\u7fa9\u300d\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u300c\u5229\u300d\u7684\u524d\u9762<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4e9e\u7576\u2027\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5728\u300a\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\u9f13\u52f5\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5229\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5229\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u6703\u5168\u9ad4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8cfa\u53d6\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u800c\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\u4f7f\u793e\u6703\u6240\u5f97\u548c\u5c31\u696d\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u628a\u300c\u5229\u300d\u653e\u5728\u300c\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u919c\u805e\u6642\u6709\u767c\u751f\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8d70\u4e0a\u8ffd\u9010\u5229\u6f64\u4e0d\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u5229\u548c\u516c\u76ca\u6f38\u53bb\u6f38\u9060\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f8\u99ac\u9077\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f59\u8b80\u5b5f\u5b50\u66f8\uff0c\u81f3\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u554f\uff1a\u4f55\u4ee5\u5229\u543e\u570b\uff0c\u672a\u5617\u4e0d\u5ee2\u66f8\u800c\u6b4e\u4e5f\u3002\u66f0\uff1a\u5229\u8aa0\u4e82\u4e4b\u59cb\u4e5f\u3002\u592b\u5b50\u7f55\u8a00\u5229\u8005\uff0c\u5e38\u9632\u5176\u539f\u4e5f\u3002\u6545\u66f0\uff1a\u653e\u65bc\u5229\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u591a\u6028\u3002\u81ea\u5929\u5b50\u81f3\u65bc\u5eb6\u4eba\uff0c\u597d\u5229\u4e4b\u5f0a\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u7570\u54c9\uff01\u300d\uff08\u300a\u53f2\u8a18\u2027\u5b5f\u5b50\u8340\u537f\u5217\u50b3\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7576\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u83ef\u512a\u826f\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5c07\u7fa9\u653e\u5728\u5229\u7684\u524d\u9762\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u82df\u70ba\u5f8c\u7fa9\u800c\u5148\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u596a\u4e0d\u995c\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u502b\u7406\uff1a\u300c\u4ec1\u3001\u7fa9\u3001\u8aa0\u3001\u4fe1\u300d<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4f01\u696d\u7d93\u71df\u5fc5\u9808\u9075\u5b88\u4f01\u696d\u502b\u7406\u3002\u4f01\u696d\u502b\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u4ec1\uff0c\u300c\u4ec1\u8005\u611b\u4eba\u3002\u300d\u4ec1\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5584\u826f\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u6240\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u9867\u81ea\u5df1\u8cfa\u9322\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f01\u696d\u502b\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u7fa9\u3002\u7fa9\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u70ba\u4e86\u80a1\u6771\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u50b7\u5bb3\uff1b\u4e0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u793e\u6703\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f01\u696d\u502b\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u8aa0\u3002\u8aa0\u662f\u8868\u88e1\u5982\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b3a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u81ea\u6b3a\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u8b1b\u4e0d\u81ea\u6b3a\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u592a\u6703\u6b3a\u9a19\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Immanuel Kant<\/span>\uff09\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u81ea\u5229\u9032\u5165\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u8fa8\u5225\u662f\u975e\u3002\u300d\u5b54\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u541b\u5b50\u75be\u592b\u820d\u66f0\u6b32\u4e4b\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u70ba\u4e4b\u8fad\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u2027\u5b63\u6c0f\u300b\uff09\u7ffb\u6210\u767d\u8a71\u6587\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u541b\u5b50\u6700\u8a0e\u53ad\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u660e\u660e\u60f3\u8981\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u8b1b\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\uff0c\u504f\u504f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8aaa\u8fad\u8b1b\u5f97\u982d\u982d\u662f\u9053\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5929\u4e0b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4eba\u5982\u6627\u8d77\u826f\u5fc3\uff0c\u9084\u6015\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u55ce\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f01\u696d\u502b\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u4fe1\u3002\u4fe1\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fe1\u8cf4\uff0c\u70ba\u516c\u53f8\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u8b7d\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4fe1\u5247\u4eba\u4efb\u7109\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u2027\u967d\u8ca8\u300b\uff09\u8b1b\u7684\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4fe1\u8b7d\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u624d\u6703\u4fe1\u8cf4\u4f60\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u8cb7\u4f60\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6212\u614e\u4e4e\u5176\u6240\u4e0d\u7779\uff0c\u6050\u61fc\u4e4e\u5176\u6240\u4e0d\u805e<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u665a\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f9e\u5275\u9020\u50f9\u503c\u8f49\u5411\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5f9e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u5132\u84c4\u548c\u751f\u7522\u6027\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5f9e\u8cb8\u6b3e\uff08<\/span>lending<\/span>\uff09\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\uff08<\/span>trading<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u9084\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u6240\u8b02\u91d1\u878d\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u773e\u8cfc\u8cb7\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u9020\u6210<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>2009<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u91cd\u5275\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u8b93\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u7368\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u5982\u6b64\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u4e8b\u696d\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u71b1\u5fc3\u5f9e\u91d1\u878d\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7372\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u4e8b\u696d\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u501f\u9322\u592a\u4fbf\u5b9c\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u53bb\u501f\u9322\u3001\u64f4\u5927\u8ca0\u50b5\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5225\u5bb6\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u4e5f\u8cfc\u8cb7\u81ea\u5bb6\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u4f7f\u80a1\u50f9\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u80a1\u6771\u7686\u5927\u6b61\u559c\u3001\u7d93\u7406\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u85aa\u916c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2016<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>5<\/span>\u6708<\/span>23<\/span>\u65e5\u300a\u6642\u4ee3\u300b\uff08<\/span>Time<\/span>\uff09\u96dc\u8a8c\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u4ecb\u7d39<\/span>Rana Foroohar<\/span>\u300a<\/span>Makers and Takers<\/span>\u300b\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5361\u7279\uff08<\/span>Jimmy Carter<\/span>\uff09\u7e3d\u7d71\u9b06\u7d81\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u91d1\u878d\u5275\u65b0\u4e4b\u9580\uff0c\u4f7f\u9280\u884c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5f9e\u8cb8\u6b3e\u8f49\u5411\u4ea4\u6613\uff1b\u96f7\u6839\uff08<\/span>Ronald Wilson Reagan<\/span>\uff09\u7e3d\u7d71\u548c\u67ef\u6797\u9813\uff08<\/span>Bill Clinton<\/span>\uff09\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u7686\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff1b\u800c\u845b\u6797\u65af\u6f58\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u5bec\u9b06\u8ca8\u5e63\u53c8\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u4f9d\u8cf4\u63a5\u8fd1\u96f6\u7684\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\u4f7f\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u81f4\u91cd\u56de\u8870\u9000\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u8f49\u8b8a\uff08<\/span>policy shift<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u7576\u6642\u770b\u4f86\u90fd\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff08<\/span>unintended consequences<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u773c\u524d\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u300c\u4e00\u4f8b\u4e00\u4f11\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u5927\u6c7a\u7b56\u5fc5\u9808\u300c\u6212\u614e\u4e4e\u5176\u6240\u4e0d\u7779\uff0c\u6050\u61fc\u4e4e\u5176\u6240\u4e0d\u805e\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\uff09\u5fc5\u9808\u95dc\u6ce8\u793e\u6703\u9577\u671f\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u77ed\u671f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u9577\u671f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u5728\u7576\u524d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u662f\u5f88\u96e3\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff1b\u6c11\u9078\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u53ea\u6c42\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u8981\u767c\u751f\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u4efb\u5167\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u62d6\u904e\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u8cac\u4efb\u5c31\u8f49\u5ac1\u7d66\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u7bc0\u5236\u7269\u6b32\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u884c\u7a69\u81f4\u9060<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u79d1\u6280\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u653f\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u793e\u6703\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u9664\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u4eab\u6709\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u8cea\u798f\u5229\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4f38\u5f35\u3002\u9019\u767c\u5c55\u5bb9\u8a31\u4eba\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c31\u80fd\u5927\u81bd\u5730\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u8ffd\u9010\u81ea\u5229\uff0c\u81a8\u8139\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u7bc0\u5236\uff0c\u5df2\u7136\u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u589e\u9032\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u7d42\u5c07\u9020\u6210\u5404\u7a2e\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u566c\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u81f4\u529b\u5730\u62ff\u6389\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7121\u6240\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u7121\u6240\u656c\u754f\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u541b\u5b50\u6709\u4e09\u754f\uff0c\u754f\u5929\u547d\uff0c\u754f\u5927\u4eba\uff0c\u754f\u8056\u4eba\u4e4b\u8a00\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u2027\u5b63\u6c0f\u300b\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u81ea\u7136\u898f\u5f8b\u3001\u656c\u754f\u9577\u4e0a\u3001\u656c\u754f\u8056\u4eba\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u9084\u77e5\u9053\u656c\u754f\u795e\u55ce\uff1f\u7f8e\u570b\u5728<\/span>1960<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u8aaa\u300c\u795e\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4e86\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u7121\u6240\u754f\u61fc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u9760\u8ca1\u5bcc<\/span>\u2015<\/span>\u5118\u7ba1\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7269\u8cea\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u6109\u6085\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e9e\u7576\u2027\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u8aaa\u5230\u8089\u9ad4\u7684\u5b89\u9038\u548c\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u5e73\u548c\uff08<\/span>in ease of body and peace of mind<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u4eba\u5927\u81f4\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u5728\u99ac\u8def\u4e0a\u66ec\u592a\u967d\u7684\u4e5e\u4e10\u6240\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u738b\u8005\u5011\u8981\u6253\u4ed7\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u300d<\/span>6<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u751f\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u91cd\u8996\u54c1\u5fb7\u3001\u624d\u8b58\u548c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u3002\u4eba\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u548c\u624d\u8b58\u4e0a\u5bcc\u8db3\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u5728\u7269\u8cea\u4e0a\u6de1\u6cca\u3002\u4eba\u5982\u7f3a\u5c11\u54c1\u5fb7\u548c\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u53ea\u9760\u7269\u6b32\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7269\u8cea\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u81a8\u8139\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u5f8c\u679c\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a98\u56e0\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u300c\u79ae\u300d<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u767c\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u626e\u6f14\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u4eba\u5404\u81ea\u626e\u6f14\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u9075\u5b88\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u6703\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5236\u5ea6\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u5b54\u5b50\u6642\u53eb\u505a\u79ae\u3002\u79ae\u5305\u542b\u5100\u5f0f\u3001\u898f\u77e9\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f8\u99ac\u5149\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u2026\u2026\u5929\u5b50\u4e4b\u8077\u83ab\u5927\u65bc\u79ae\uff0c\u79ae\u83ab\u5927\u65bc\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u83ab\u5927\u65bc\u540d\u3002\u4f55\u8b02\u79ae\uff1f\u7d00\u7db1\u662f\u4e5f\uff1b\u4f55\u8b02\u5206\uff1f\u541b\u81e3\u662f\u4e5f\uff1b\u4f55\u8b02\u540d\uff1f\u516c\u3001\u4faf\u3001\u537f\u3001\u5927\u592b\u662f\u4e5f\u2026\u2026\u662f\u6545\u5929\u5b50\u7d71\u4e09\u516c\uff0c\u4e09\u516c\u7387\u8af8\u4faf\uff0c\u8af8\u4faf\u5236\u537f\u5927\u592b\uff0c\u537f\u5927\u592b\u6cbb\u58eb\u5eb6\u4eba\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u8cc7\u6cbb\u901a\u9451\u2027\u5468\u7d00\u300b\uff09\u5468\u4ee3\u5929\u5b50\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8077\u638c\u5c31\u662f\u79ae\u3001\u6a02\u3001\u5f81\u4f10\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u79ae\u6700\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f55\u8b02\u79ae\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u7d00\u5f8b\u3002\u4f55\u8b02\u5206\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5404\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u541b\u81e3\u3002\u4f55\u8b02\u540d\uff1f\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86\u6f22\u671d\uff0c\u53f8\u99ac\u9077\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u9053\u7d93\u7def\u842c\u7aef\uff0c\u898f\u77e9\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u8cab\u3002\u8a98\u9032\u4ee5\u4ec1\u7fa9\uff0c\u675f\u7e1b\u4ee5\u5211\u7f70\uff0c\u6545\u5fb7\u539a\u8005\u4f4d\u5c0a\uff0c\u797f\u91cd\u8005\u5bf5\u69ae\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7e3d\u4e00\u6d77\u5167\u800c\u6574\u9f4a\u842c\u6c11\u4e5f\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u53f2\u8a18\u2027\u79ae\u66f8\u300b\uff09\u9019\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6478\u4e0d\u6e05\u982d\u7dd2\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u6bcf\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u898f\u77e9\u5728\u7576\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u898f\u77e9\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u7528\u4ec1\u7fa9\u4f86\u5f15\u5c0e\u4eba\u5011\u53bb\u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7528\u5211\u7f70\u4f86\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u505a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u54c1\u5fb7\u597d\u7684\u7d66\u4e88\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f85\u9047\u597d\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u52a0\u4e88\u69ae\u8b7d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u734e\u61f2\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a98\u56e0\u5236\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>incentive system<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u662f\u5426\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u770b\u6b64\u8a98\u56e0\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u5426\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u5f85\u5728\u5404\u884c\u5404\u696d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u6709\u4eba\u505a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u597d\u4e8b\u6709\u4eba\u505a\uff0c\u58de\u4e8b\u6c92\u4eba\u505a\u3002\u82e5\u5c07\u53f8\u99ac\u9077\u7684\u300c\u79ae\u300d\u518d\u7a0d\u52a0\u64f4\u5145\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8a98\u56e0\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53eb\u505a\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\uff08<\/span>social capital<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u79ae\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a98\u56e0\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c<\/span><\/b>\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u5716\u8868<\/span>2<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u6703\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<\/span>behavior pattern<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u5171\u540c\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u614b\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>shared attitudes<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08<\/span>Networks<\/span>\uff09\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u50f9\u503c\uff08<\/span>values<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\uff08<\/span>norms<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u898f\u7bc4\u767c\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u8cf4\u5be6\u65bd\u6a5f\u5236\uff08<\/span>enforcement mechanism<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u4e00\u6a5f\u5236\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7d44\u7e54\uff08<\/span>organizations<\/span>\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u50f9\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u751f\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u76ee\u7684\uff08<\/span>ultimate ends<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u7d42\u6975\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u4e5f\u662f\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u5167\u5728\u56fa\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff08<\/span>intrinsic values<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u751f\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u54c1\u5fb7\uff0c\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u502b\u7406\u50f9\u503c\uff08<\/span>Et<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u8ca1\u5bcc\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u50f9\u503c\uff08<\/span>Ec<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u540d\u8072\uff0c\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\uff08<\/span>S<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u53f8\u99ac\u9077\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u5fb7\u539a\u300d\u5373\u662f\u502b\u7406\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u300c\u4f4d\u5c0a\u300d\u5373\u662f\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u300c\u797f\u91cd\u300d\u5373\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5047\u8a2d\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u7e3d\u503c\u70ba<\/span>H<\/span>\uff08<\/span>happiness<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u898f\u7bc4\u662f<\/span>N<\/span>\uff08<\/span>norms<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u502b\u7406\u3001\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5247\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u70ba<\/span>H=F<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Et, Ec, S, N<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u7e3d\u503c\u662f\u502b\u7406\u3001\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u51fd\u6578\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u4e00\u4eba\u751f\u5e78\u798f\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u5beb\u6210\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

H = aEt + bEc + cS – dN<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c<\/span>a+b+c-d=1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u8ce6\u4e88<\/span>a<\/span>\u3001<\/span>b<\/span>\u3001<\/span>c<\/span>\u3001<\/span>d<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b0a\u503c\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u500b\u5225\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6216\u4eba\u751f\u89c0\u3002\u800c\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f62\u5851\u5176\u5171\u540c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6cd5\u5bb6\u91cd\u8996\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88<\/span>d<\/span>\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u6578\uff1b\u5112\u5bb6\u91cd\u8996\u54c1\u5fb7\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u540d\u8072\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88<\/span>a<\/span>\u548c<\/span>c<\/span>\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u6578\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5247\u8ce6\u4e88<\/span>b<\/span>\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u6578\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u767c\u63da\u5112\u5546\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u5149\u5927\u4e2d\u83ef\u6587\u5316\uff1a\u6368\u6211\u5176\u8ab0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u50b3\u7d71\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5176\u7d44\u7e54\u4e3b\u8981\u70ba\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u9109\u9ee8\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u638c\u63e1\u82e5\u5e72\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u793e\u6703\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76f8\u7570\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u9000\u7e2e\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u6559\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4ea6\u975e\u6614\u6bd4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u7d44\u7e54\uff08<\/span>intermediate organizations<\/span>\uff09\u9f90\u5927\u3002\u6108\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u7d44\u7e54\u6108\u9f90\u5927\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\uff08<\/span>Non-Governmental Organization<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>NGO<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\uff08<\/span>Non-Profit Organization<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>NPO<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u7d44\u7e54\uff08<\/span>professional organization<\/span>\uff09\u7279\u5225\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e2d\u9593\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u4e14\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u662f\u4f01\u696d\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u5de5\u5546\u754c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u4f01\u696d\u502b\u7406\u7dad\u6301\u4f4f\u4e86\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5c31\u7dad\u6301\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002\u4f01\u696d\u5fc5\u9808\u65bd\u4ee5\u502b\u7406\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u793e\u6703\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u793e\u6703\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u6c38\u7e8c\u7d93\u71df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u502b\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4ec1\u3001\u7fa9\u3001\u8aa0\u3001\u4fe1\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e2d\u83ef\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u82e5\u63a8\u884c\u5112\u5546\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u5149\u5927\u4e2d\u83ef\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u7bc0\u5236\u79c1\u6b32\uff0c\u5c07\u502b\u7406\u653e\u5728\u8ca1\u5bcc\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5c07\u8cac\u4efb\u653e\u5728\u6b0a\u5229\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5fc5\u80fd\u8f49\u5316\u793e\u6703\u98a8\u6c23\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u8d70\u51fa\u56f0\u5c40\u3002\u82e5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u653e\u4efb\u4e16\u754c\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56de\u5230\u4e26\u767c\u63da\u7dad\u7e6b\u9019\u500b\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u624d\u80fd\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u672c\u6587\u70ba<\/span>2016<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>11<\/span>\u6708<\/span>12<\/span>\u65e5\u300c\u79a7\u5e74\u8056\u7d93\u7d93\u6fdf\u502b\u7406\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u300d\u4e4b\u91cd\u9ede\u6458\u9304\uff0c\u7530\u606c\u6574\u7406\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u539f\u6587\uff1a<\/span>And hence it is, that to feel much for others and little for ourselves, that to restrain our selfish, and to indulge our benevolent affections, constitutes the perfection\u00a0of human nature.<\/span>\u3000<\/span>Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiment, 1759, Penguin Classics, 2009, p.31.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u539f\u6587\uff1a<\/span>The man who\u00a0acts according to the rules of perfect prudence, of strict justice, and of\u00a0proper benevolence, may be said to be perfectly virtuous. Adam Smith, The
\nTheory of Moral Sentiment, 1759, Penguin Classics, 2009, p.280.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u5546\u54c1\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u8ca8\u7269\u8207\u670d\u52d9\uff1b\u8cc7\u7522\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u623f\u5730\u7522\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u80a1\u7968\u3001\u516c\u79c1\u50b5\u5238\u548c\u665a\u8fd1\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u884d\u751f\u6027\u91d1\u878d\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7d93\u904e\u8b49\u5238\u5316\u4e5f\u53ef\u6210\u70ba\u91d1\u878d\u8cc7\u7522\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u70ba\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6236\u5b58\u6b3e\uff1b\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u8ca0\u50b5\uff0c\u5c31\u70ba\u5b58\u6b3e\u6236\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u66f8\u540d\uff1a\u300a<\/span>Limits to\u00a0Growth<\/span>\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u8b6f\u300a\u6210\u9577\u7684\u6975\u9650\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u540c\u6ce8<\/span>1<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>p.215<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5b6b\u9707 \uff08\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7cfb\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff09 \u58f9\u3001\u5f9e\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3 \u4e00\u3001\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u6210\u9577\u6642\u4ee3 \u4e00\u570b\u7684\u6280\u8853\u6c34\u6e96\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u671f\u9593\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u3002\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u9867\u5fd7\u8010\uff08Simon Kuznets\uff09\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u5206\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u505c\u6eef\u6642\u4ee3\uff08traditional stagnation epoch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8","category-27"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1091"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1091\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1186,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1091\/revisions\/1186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jubilee.economic-ethics.org\/ourjubilee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}